Cell Wall

external structures in a bacterial cell

ribosomes

make protein.

Pili/Fimbriae-

Glycocalyx layer (sugar)

Capsule

Flagella-

- slime layer

flagella

Thin hairlike structures MFimbriac- Short

Fimbriae-attached·

fimbrial pil more numerous

Pili-longer,

a few per cell

· Pili= "twitching"movement+ conjugation

· Fimbriac aid in attachment to other bacteria+ cell surfaces

.

· Pili extends

attach, retract, repeat

changes RNAr/conjugation

* can be good for better

adapting to new environments

* can spread antibiotic resistance quicker

flagella= whip-like appendage used for locomotion

·

motor driven by moving

made of a protein called flagellin Protons across cell membrane

· each bacteria flagellum Consist of: "move in a "run-tumble" fashion

- Basal body: motor- "run"= flagellum rotates

counterclockwise

- Hook: for rotation

Hollow filament: actual appendage

#Localyx: "Sweat coat"

sticky layer composed of polysaccharides

- "Tumble" flagellumrotates clockwise

·

Capsule: thick

, tight matrix

,

can be stained

· slime layer: thin

,

looser layer,

an't be stained

+ helps to make biofilms.

,

*

Biofilm : gelatinous matrix of bacteria attached to a surface

examples : our teeth

can also protect antibiotics