Exam 3 Pre Work

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released by the ___.

Anterior pituitary gland

Blood calcium levels are regulated by the ___.

Parathyroid gland

Insulin is released by the ___.

Pancreas

T3 and T4 are released by the ___.

Thyroid gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released by the ___.

Anterior pituitary gland

Growth hormone (GH) is released by the ___.

Anterior pituitary gland

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is released by the ___.

Anterior pituitary gland

Cortisol is released by the ____

Adrenal cortex

Blood glucose level is by the ___

Pancreas

Catecholamines, such as epinephrine (EPI), are released by the ___.

Adrenal medulla

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is released by the ___

Anterior pituitary gland

Of the options below, the ___ has the most important role in the sympathetic response.

Adrenal medulla

Prolactin is released by the ___.

Anterior pituitary gland

Aldosterone is released by the ____.

Adrenal cortex

Which of the following blood pH levels would be considered abnormal? 

Select all that apply. 

7.48, 7.34

The kidneys contribute to the regulation of blood pH through ___.

The reabsorption of bicarbonate

The lungs contribute to the regulation of blood pH through ___.

The elimination of carbon dioxide

The production of carbon dioxide in the body is ...

...normal, it is constantly being produced as by product of normal cellular respiration.

If the concentration of blood bicarbonate increases, all of the following will also increase EXCEPT ___.

Water

Which chemical is represented by the formula H2CO3 ?

Carbonic acid

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Pulmonary regulation of blood pH occurs faster than renal regulation of blood pH.

The kidneys contribute to the regulation of blood pH through ___.

The elimination of hydrogen ions

Which chemical is represented by the formula HCO3- ?

Bicarbonate

If bloodwork reveals a patient's blood pH to be 7.30, the patient's blood contains ___.

Too many hydrogen ions

If bloodwork reveals a patient's blood pH to be 7.50, the patient's blood contains ___.

Too few hydrogen ions

Filtrate leaving the proximal convoluted tubule will next travel through the ___ on its path through the kidney.

Loop of Henle

Which of the following is NOT a function of renin?

Increases heart rate

Filtrate leaving the distal convoluted tubule will next travel through the ___ on its path through the kidney.

Collecting duct

The renal pyramids are located within the ____.

Renal medulla

The juxtamedullary complex is located...

Within the renal cortex near the nephron

Urine traveling through the minor calyx will next pass through the __ on its path toward the bladder.

Major calyx

Blood leaving the efferent arterioles will next travel through the __ on its path through the kidney.

Peritubular arteries

Filtrate leaving the renal tubule will next travel through the ___ on its path through the kidney.

Proximal convoluted tubule

Urine traveling through the major calyx will next pass through the __ on its path toward the bladder.

Renal pelvis

Together, the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule form the...

Renal corpuscle

Blood leaving the glomerulus will next travel through the __ on its path through the kidney.

Efferent arterioles

Podocytes are located ...

Surrounding capillaries of the glomerulus

The ___ contains centers involved in urge to urinate.

Pons

Urine traveling through the collecting duct will next pass through the __ on its path toward the bladder.

Minor calyx

The left and right renal arteries divide to form the __ through which arterial blood next travels on its path through the kidney.

Segmental arteries

Filtrate leaving the renal corpuscle will next travel through the ___ on its path through the kidney.

Renal tubule

The interlobar arteries divide to form the __ through which arterial blood next travels on its path through the kidney.

Arcuate arteries

Urine traveling through the renal pelvis will next pass through the __ on its path toward the bladder.

Ureter

The cortical radiate arteries divide to form the __ through which arterial blood next travels on its path through the kidney.

Afferent arterioles

Filtrate leaving the Loop of Henle will next travel through the ___ on its path through the kidney.

Distal convoluted tubule

Some human cells can store excess carbohydrates in the form of ___.

Glycogen

Our physiology is able to generate ___ calories per gram of protein metabolized.

4

Which of the following is true?

One gram of glycogen is associated with more water weight than one gram of fat.

Our physiology is able to generate ___ calories per gram of fat metabolized.

9

Glycogen is stored in which of the following tissue types? 

Select all that apply. 

Liver, Skeletal Muscle

Our physiology is able to generate ___ calories per gram of carbohydrate metabolized.

4

"Anabolism" is a term that is used to refer to ...

The chemical reactions occurring in the body which build or create new molecules.

Gluconeogenesis  refers to the process by which ___ are converted into sugar molecules. 

Amino acids

Glycogenolysis  involves the breakdown of complex carbohydrates stored in muscle and liver cells to generate ___ molecules. 

Glucose

Cellular respiration  involves the breakdown of glucose to generate ___. 

ATP

"Catabolism" is a term that is used to refer to ...

The chemical reactions occurring in the body which break down existing molecules.

___ refer to polymers that are created by linking together multiple ___ monomers.

Protein; Amino acid

Glycogenolysis  refers to the process of breaking down ___  to release sugar molecules. 

Glycogen

"Metabolism" is a term that is used to refer to ...

All of the chemical reactions that occur within the body.

Triglycerides are formed when which of the following molecules are combined? 

Select all that apply. 

Fatty acids , Glycerol

Glycogenesis  refers to the process by which ___ is generated. 

Fatty acids 

Glycogen

Cellular respiration  involves the breakdown of ___ to generate energy. 

Glucose

Lipogenesis  refers to the metabolic pathway by which carbohydrates are converted into ___. 

Triglycerides

Glycolysis  refers to the process of breaking down ___ molecules. 

Glucose

The end result of gluconeogenesis is the generation of ___ molecules. 

Glucose

Glycogenesis involves converting ___ monomers into complex carbohydrate polymers. 

Glucose

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the small intestine designed to increase absorptive surface area?

Gastric pits

The bile helps in 'breaking down' or digesting __.

Fats

Which of the following is NOT part of the stomach?

Circular folds

Place the following organs in the order in which they occur along the digestive tract: (1= Closest to mouth; 4= Furthest from mouth) 

1 Oropharynx

2 Stomach

3 Appendix

4 Rectum

Enzymes are involved in ...

Chemical digestion

The colon absorbs...

Mostly water

The teeth are involved in .

Mechanical digestion

The enzyme pepsin 'breaks down' or digests __.

Proteins

Blood vessels carrying absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the systemic circulation are located in the ___ layer of digestive organs.

Submucosa

The ___ stores, concentrates, and releases bile.

Gallbladder

The outer-most layer of tissue forming the organs of the digestive tract, that is to say the layer furthest from the food passing through the GI tract, is known as the ...

Serosa

Which of the following is NOT a part of the small intestine?

Cecum

Place the following organs in the order in which they occur along the digestive tract: 

(1= Closest to mouth; 4= Furthest from mouth) 

1 Laryngopharynx

2 Pyloric sphincter

3 Duodenum

4 Ileocecal valve

Place the following organs in the order in which they occur along the digestive tract:

(1= Closest to mouth; 4= Furthest from mouth)

1 Epiglottis

2 Esophagus

3 Ileum

4 Cecum

Which of the following is NOT part of the colon?

Ileum

Mastication involves the breaking down of food by ___.

Teeth

Place the following organs in the order in which they occur along the digestive tract: 

(1= Closest to mouth; 4= Furthest from mouth) 

1 ascending colon

2 transverse colon

3 descending colon

4 sigmoid colon

The inner-most layer of tissue forming the organs of the digestive tract, that is to say the layer closest to the food passing through the GI tract, is known as the ...

Mucosa

All of the following are accessory digestive organs EXCEPT...

The esophagus

The small intestine absorbs...

Most nutrients