MASTERS OF ARCHITECTURE

Abbot Suger

-was a French abbot, statesman, and historian. He was one of the earliest patrons of Gothic architecture, and is widely credited with popularizing the style

-confidant of the French Kings Louis VI and Louis VII

-Church/Abbey of St. Denis, France (burial church of French Monarch and widely considered the first structure to employ all of the elements of Gothic architecture)

Amenhotep, son of Hapu

-A scribe and architect in the court of Amenhotep III, later deified for his wisdom

-Amenhotep III Mortuary temple (known for its massive propylon Colossi of Memnon)

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

-Byzantine Greek Architects

-Hagia Sophia (also known as Church of Holy Wisdom, church:emperor Justinian I, mosque:sultan Mehmed II)

Apollodorus of Damascus

-the Greek Architect work primarily with Emperor Trajan

-Forum Trajanum, Trajan's Column-triumphal column, Triumphal arches of Trajan and Pantheon-with Emperor Hadrian (world's largest unreinforced concrete dome)

Ictinus and Callicrates

-Architects of the Parthenon (great example of Greek temple)

-Statue of Athena Promachos by Phidias

Callicrates

Architect of Temple of Athena Nike in Acropolis-earliest fully Ionic with Temple on the Acropolis

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

-right hand of Emperor Augustus, roman general, statesman and architect

-original Pantheon (wood) and Pont du Gard

Mnesicles

Architect of the Erechtheion and Propylae in Acropolis

Imhotep

-an Egyptian polymath, consider as the 1st architect

-best known as the architect of King Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara

Rabirius

Architect to Emperor Domitian. Designed the Flavian Palace, Palatine Hill (also known as Domus Flavia, is a modern name for the northwestern section of the Palace where the bulk of the large "public" rooms for official business, entertaining and ceremony are concentrated)

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

-Roman architect, engineer, and author of the celebrated treatise De architectura (On Architecture), a handbook for Roman architects.

-three principles of good architecture: firmitas (firmness), utilitas (commodity), venustas (delight)

Leon Battista Alberti

-He is considered the prototype of the Renaissance "universal man."

-De re aedificatoria (Ten Books on Architecture)

-The facades of Sta. Maria Novella and the Palazzo Rucellai

Donato Bramante

-Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio

-He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his plan (centralized greek cross) for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of design executed by Michelangelo

-Tempietto (masterpiece of High Renaissance Italian architecture)

Filippo Brunelleschi

-one of the pioneers of early Renaissance architecture in Italy

-known for linear perspective

-Duomo (Dome of Florence Cathedral) double shell dome and unsupported masonry

Michelozzo Michelozzi

-architect of the Medici Family

-he is often overshadowed by his contemporaries Donatello in sculpture and Brunelleschi in architecture

-Palazzo Medici Riccardi (It was well known for its stone masonry, which includes architectural elements of rustication and ashlar)

Bartolomeo Ammanati

-architect whose buildings mark the transition from the classicizing Renaissance to the more exuberant Baroque style

-collaboration with Vasari and Giacomo da Vignola on the villa of Pope Julius, the Villa Giulia

Michelangelo Buonarroti

-the archetypal Rennaisance Man

-Pieta and David, Genesis and the Last Judgment on Sistine Chapel (al fresco)

-St. Peter's Basilica-follows Bramante's plan and succeeded by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

Juan de Herrera

-architect, principal designer of the monumental Escorial, a structure that expressed the ideals of imperial Spain in the 16th century

-It is the site of the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, 1st architect: Juan Bautista de Toledo (Herrerian Style)

Andrea Palladio

-the greatest architect of 16th-century northern Italy

-Four Books of Architecture (was a summary of his studies of classical architecture.)

-Palladian Style (Characterised by Classical forms, symmetry, and strict proportion, the exteriors were often austere

-Palazzo Strozzi-new improved version of Renaissance Palazzo

Raffaello Santi (Raphael)

-Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino

-After Bramante's death was named architect of the new St Peter's

-He proposed an enormous centrally planned church in the shape of a Greek cross enclosed within a square with an enormous dome over the center, and smaller domes and half-domes radiating, succeeded by Michelangelo

Toyo Ito, 2013

-minimalist and light like wind and air, geometric, conceptual architecture, architecture as piece of clothing

-worked in Kiyonori Kikutake & Associates

-Firm: Urban Robot (Urbot)

-Tower of Winds, Silver Hut, White U

Adrian Smith

-high-rise, energy efficient buildings

-worked in SOM

-Firm: AS+GG

-Bur Khalifa, Jeddah Tower

Zaha Hadid, 2004

-Dame

-1st women to receive pritzker award

-deconstructivism, futuristic

-Bergisel Ski Jump, Maxxi, Bridge Pavillion, Heydar Aliyev Center

Minoru Yamasaki

-new formalism (modern monumentalism, like new architecture), use of vertical lines

-work in Shreve, Lamb & Harmon (Empire State Building)

-original Twin Towers of World Trade Center, North Western National Building (ReliaStar Building)

Frank Lloyd Wright

-organic architecture, Prairie style (horizontal lines, long eaves, arts and craft movement), building in harmony with nature

-"greatest architect of all time" AIA

-worked with Louis Sullivan

-Khaufman House (Fallingwater), Solomon Guggenheim Museum

Jorn Utzon,2003

-additive architecture (growth pattern in nature)

-Sydeny Opera House, Kingo Houses (Romerhusene), Can Lis

Kenzo Tange,1987

-modernism, Metabolist Movement, postwar architect (world war 2)

-In charge in rebuilt of Horoshima, Horoshima Peace Center, St. Mary's Cathedral, Plan for Tokyo 1960

Moshie Safdie

-modern with dynamic curves, use of windows and open/green spaces

-Habitat 67, Marina Bay Sands, Kauffman Center for Performning Arts

Eliel Saarinen

-art nouveau and modern, national romanticism

-Helsinki Central Railway Station, National Museum of Finland

Eero Saarinen

-international style and neo-futuristic, curves and glass

-gateway arch (St. Louis), TWA Flight Center, Tulip and Womb Chair

Renzo Piano, 1998

-high-tech architecture

-Centre Georges Pompidou (collab with Richard Rogers), New York Times Building

Cesar Pelli

-10 most influential living American Architect, high rise

-Petronas Twin Tower, World Financial Center Complex

Ieoh Ming Pei, 1983

-master of modern architecture, triangle shapes

-John F. Kennedy Library, Louvre Pyramid, Bank of China

Oscar Niemeyer,1988

-brazilian architect, figures of modern architecture, mentored by Lucio Costa

-"form follows beauty"

-Cathedral of Brasilia, United Nations Headquarters, National Congress of Brazil

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

-pioneer of modern architecture, co-founder of Bauhaus

-"less is more; God is in the details"

-Farnsworth House, Barcellona Pavilion, Seagram Building

Daniel Libeskind

-deconstructivist

-reconstruction of World Trade Center, Jewish Museum (Berlin), Royal Ontario Museum, Imperial War Museum

Philip Johnson, 1979

-international style

-founder of Department of Architecture and Design at MOMA

-glass house, sony building, Seagram Building with Mies van der Rohe

Walter Gropius

-Founder of Bauhaus with Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig

-pioneer of modern architecture

Michael Graves

-post modernism

-one of the New York 5 (Peter Eisenman, Charles Gwathmey, John Hejduk and Richard Meier

-Portland Building (Oregon), Humana Building, Walt Disney World Dolphin Resort

Buckminster Fuller

-structuralism

-geodesic dome (montreal biosphere) , dymaxion house

Lucio Costa

-master plan for Brasilia (collab with Oscar Niemyer in building)