Roaring 20s/ Great Depression All Sections

Great Depression Causes:

instalment buying (credit)

Stocks:

Shares of ownership in a business

Excessive stock speculation

Overproduction of goods

Black Thursday

October 24 1929

The stock market crash

caused panic in the US

Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) (1933-1945) b/g:

New York governor, had various political positions, 5th cousin of TR

Social Security Act

provided retirement benefits to people over 65, provided unemployment insurance, and assistance for the elderly (the same system we use today)

21st Amendment:

Repealed Prohibition

Nobel experiment ended

Results of Black Thursday

Banks and businesses close

People lost their savings, jobs, homes, etc.

Breadlines and soup kitchens opened

Hoover:

Blamed and hated

Rugged individualism:

Hoover's belief that people should solve problems on their own and not rely on government help

Hoovervilles:

Make-shift houses where the poor lived during the depression

Actions to fight the Depression:

Lower income taxes

Reconstruction Finance Corp (RFC):

Gave emergency loans to banks and businesses

Declined his salary

Organized charities

Set up public works programs

Bonus Army March

40,000 people, made up of (WW1 vets) and their families, demanded an early payment of the bonuses that the vets were to get in 1945. They protested in Washington, and the army was called in to break it up

1932:

Hoover ran despite losing support and lost to FDR

Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) (1933-1945) Pers.:

Positive, confident, great speaker, popularm and a skilled politician

1932 election

Used the song "Happy Days are here again."

Quote: "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

FDR's goals

Three Rs

Relief, recovery, and reform

20th Amendment:

"Lame Duck"

Moved the start of the PRes. term from March to January

FDR 21st Amendment

FDR supported it in hopes that it would help the economy

"100 Days"

Period of "frenzied" action by FDR and his staff to come up with programs to fight the depression

Fireside Chats

FDR's radio broadcasts to the people to keep them informed about what he was doing to fight the depression

Eleanor Roosevelt:

FDR's wife who was very active in helping carry out his policies

Court Packing Plan:

FDR wanted to add more justices to the Supreme Court because the Court was against many New Deal programs

He (FDR) wanted to add one new justice for each over 70

His plan was rejected by Congress

New Deal

FDR's programs and policies to help fight the Depression

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps):

gave 3 million jobs to men ages 18-25 protecting the environment and natural resources (one of the most popular and successful programs)

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act):

paid farmers to reduce crop supply and help avoid waste

NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act):

Set up rules for the industry to help control production

FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Act):

provided food, clothes, and money to jobless Americans

WPA (Works Progress Administration):

provided 8 million jobs (construction of parks, schools, roads, buildings - one of the most successful and productive)

CWA (Civil Works Administration):

spent billions on temporary public projects and small jobs

FCC (Federal Communications Commission):

A government agency that regulates interstate communication

Critics

Some felt that the New Deal was too expensive, and some programs were not well-planned

18th Amendment (1920-1933):

The ban of the sale, transportation, and manufacturing of the alcohol

Anti Saloon League:

Led a temperance movement against the dangers of alcohol and pushed for the amendment

Reasons for Prohibition

Religious groups wanted a moral society

Businesses felt that alcohol decreased production

Social reasons, such as increased violence

Volstead Act

Was passed to enforce prohibition laws

Problems that happened as a result of prohibition

Speakeasies

Bootlegging

Organized Crime:

economy

Division of the wets vs. drys

Disregard for the law

Economy problems

The depression began, and jobs were needed

Speakeasies

Secret bars where alcohol was sold during the ban

Bootlegging:

The smuggling or selling of alcohol

organized crime

Mob activity led to violence (mafia)

Wickersham Commission:

Spent two years studying prohibition

They went through police and hospital reports to see if the ban was working

They found more alcohol related crime and death

said the prohibition was ineffective

Flask and Flapper Generation

The term given to young people of the 1920s because they began to reject tradition in authority and focused more fun and entertainment \

Flapper:

Young women of the 20s who were known first changing styles, dancing, drinking, smoking, etc.

Harlem Renaissance:

Takes place in New York

New York becomes the cultural capital of African-American music, art, writing, etc.

Langsten Hughes

African-American poet and writer who led the rebirth of culture

Radio

KADA (Pittsburg) first broadcast

Music news sports and stories could be heard

music

jazz and blues

Louis Armstrong:

African-American trumpet player in first jazz soloist

Bessie Smith:

Known as the "Empress of the blues" and was an African-American singer

automobile

main advancement and technology during the 1920s

Henry Ford

Use the assembly line of mass mass-produce cars

Ford "Model T"

First mass produced Car

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