ancient egypt mesopotamia persia etc

what refers to the science and art of planning specifying selecting and organizing the surface finishes and materials including furniture furnishings and fixtures and other interior design elements for the purpose of the interior space allocations to suit enhance and meet the intended function movement and character for which the interior of the building is designed

what are the four elements used in the analysis of style

racial, epochal, individual, character

racial

designated from the people who originated it

epochal

period where it flourshed

individual

originator

character

claisscal or romantical etc

what is the paleolithic period

old stone age

nomadic hunters

group of people that habitually shift in place to find food

key characteristics of paleolithic period

simple stone tools and weapons, fire,dead = buried ,concerned with food and fertility ,gain control through magic

house in paleolithic

leanto - piece of broad material usually made of woven leaves placed in a way to lean against a wall or a tree

venus of willendorf (austria)

4 1/2" tall made of limestone to promote fertility

art on walls of caves

fertility magic = manifesting animals to give birth so they have more food

death magic = death of animals for food propitiation magic= appease the dead animals"

lascaux

famous cave paintings in fance

mesolithic

middle stone age

characteristics of mesolithic

ability to fashion tools and improve greatly from paleolithic, make pots baskets for food storage,domesticated animals,settled communities and farming

neolithic period

new stone age

key characteristics of mesolithic period

mud bricks stone foundation

better shelters

seated mother goddess of catalhoyuk

baked clay statue depicting fertile mother goddess in the process of giving birth while seated in her throne with two hands resting on feline heads

architectural contributions of neolithic period

beehive with a second floor, stone towers,megalith structures,stone obelisks/menhirs = easter island stonehenge

neolithic interiors

non residential + residential, village layout

two rivers in mesopotamia

euphrates and tigris

who are the gods of the mesopotamian era

an- supreme god, ishtar- goddess of war and sexual love

cuneiform

earliest systems of writing

regions of mesopotamia

saab - sumer, akkad, assyria, babylon

ziggurat

religious place

lamassu

assyrian protective deity ofted depicted with human head, body of bull or lion and bird wings

greatest builder in history

king nebuchadnezzar

architectural contributions of babylon

hanging gardens of babylon, gate of ishtar, in the bible: tower of babel

what is hammurabi

eye for an eye rule

persia

first concept of a city

what is persepolis

city of persians; second oldest city in the world

anciet egypt

land of kemet- rich life giving soil

factors of ancient egypt

sun dried brick,glass making,hieroglyphics,limestone,cats= powerful

egyptian art

law of frontality- bodies must not be twisted

egyptian ornaments

floral, lotus bud, flowers, papyrus, animal, sphinx, sun disk, eagle, sacred bettle, serpent

mastaba

funerary grounds for regular people, made of limestone where the jars and chests contained items of the deceased

necropolis

literal city of the dead- several mastabas

egyptian architecture

straight lines, rectangular forms

pyramids

burial places for egyptian royalty

sphinx

grotesque egyptian sculpture of head of a man and body of a lion

egyptian furniture joinery

dovetail, mortise and tenon, miter

egyptian furniture characteristics

t&g, lathe turned parts, use of box stretchers

what is the seat of egpytian chair

rush or leather

what finish was used for egyptian furniture

varnish or gesso

egpytian animal leg forms ofr furntiure

bull hooves lion's paw dog leg with peg

chair egyptian

low squares on rectangular backs and wide low seats which were covered or curved

aegan civilization

ancient greece- composed of 3 civilizations that were on the aegean sea= cycladic, mioan and mycenaean

aegean art

bull dance

cycladic

from the islands of the cyclades

what were the ccladic rich in

minerals- iron, copper, gold silver etc

what are the statues of the cycladic

marble idols to represent the deceased

what are the minoan civilization

island of crete= capital city of knossos

architectural contributions of minoan civilization

bun capital = cretan column- only column to be made entirely out of wood - cedar palace of knossos

what is the labyrinth at crete

built by daedalus in order of king minos

houses of the minotaur

minoan grotesque of body of a bull head of a man

palace of minos/knossos

palace of stone and wood for the king

frescoes of minoan

the bull and lady's in blue

minoan scultpures

terracotta ivory and bronze

myceneans

island of mycenae capital city of troy

megaron

major hall of the palace- heads of states meet to discuss political affairs

walls of troy

most fortified means of defense in history

ancient greece

"smart, political, scientifical, theater,aristotle, plato, socrates

reason why greeks were great builders of ships

ionian, aegean and mediterranean sea

main building material of ancient greece

marble

greek architectural contributions

greek orders

what is in a greek order

horizontal entablature, upright column, base

what are the three orders

doric ionic corinthian

agora

plaza meeting place with platform for speaker

stoa

long colonnaded multipurpose shopping center

acropolis

city on a hill

auditorium

semi circular form hollowed out from a hill

mausoleum

large tomb

stadium

theater for foot races

hippodrome

theater for horse and chariot races

pyrytaneion

senate house for elected officials

bouleterion

council house for elected officials

palestra

gym

parthenon

dedicated to athena

doric column

simplest, thicker than others, shaft wider at the bottom, smooth round capital

ionic column

slender, elegant, scroll volute on top

corinthian column

named after corinth, fluted, lavished with carvings at the capital with acanthus leaves

telamones

general term for human figures used as columns

caryatids

female column

canephora

female sculpture with basket on head

atlantes

male sculptures as columns

archaic sculplture male form

kouros

kore

female form

greek furniture materials

marble metal (bronze iron copper) wood (oak maple cedar boxwood)

threnys

footstool

thronos

chair for men

klismos

chair for women

kline

bed

trapezai

dining table

diphros

stool

red figureware

red figures on black background

black figureware

black figures on red background

white ground ware

red or black on white