Music Appreciation Unit 4

Lutes

• Instruments that supports strings between a neck and a body.

• ex. oud, cello, baglama

Harps

• Instruments that contain the strings within a frame

• ex. harp

Zithers

• Instruments that mount the strings on a body/frame

• ex. guqin,dulcimer, piano

Technique 4 String Instruments

• Plucking the string (mandolin, ukulele, sitar)

• Bowing the strings (erhu, viola, ravanhatha)

• Striking the Strings ( piano, haprsicord)

How to vary the pitches

Pressing on the strings

Tightening two points of contact

Brass

Energy Source: Air

Vibrating Element: Lips on the mouth piece

Brass Tubing: Resonating Chamber

Examples: Trumpet, Tuba, Trombone

Woodwind

Cat 1. No Reed (Flute, panpipes)

Cat 2. Single Reed (Chalumeau, sax, clarinet)

Cat 3. Double Reed (oboe, coranglais, bagpipes)

Cat 4. Free Reed (harmonica, accordion)

Single Reed

• Attached to a mouth piece

  • player forces air between the reed and mouthpiece, the read causes the stream of air to vibrate thus creating sound

Double Reed

• Created via binding two small thin reads together at their base

  • Play forces air between the reeds causing them to vibrate

Oldest Instrument

Percussion

Brass Instruments

smaller/shorter pipes = higher pitch

Larger/longer pipes = deeper pitch

Brass instruments operate via a combo of air pressure & tube length

Slide

allows the user to dynamically change the length of tubing by moving a slide

idiophones

Produces sound via vibrating the instruments body

Membranophones (drums

produce sound when the membrane is struck

Chordophones

• String/percussion hybrids

• when strings are struck they produce sound

  • ie.piano

Aerophones

wind instruments, typically played by a percussionist

How to achieve diff. sounds with a membranophone

Change where u strike

Keyboard Instruments

• united by the row of levers that when pressed trigger a sound

• Can be mechanical or digital