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Content: 2nd Semester (Africa - Latin America)
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Escarpment
Great Rift Valley
Largest Escarpment in Africa, Eastern Coast of Africa
Benguela current
tribal marks
Nilotic peoples
Nok culture (Jos Plateau)
“Sudan”
Kush
Olduvai Gorge
Axum (Aksum)
Trans-Saharan trade
Ghana
Mali
Songhai
Al-Bakri
Sundiata
Mansa Musa
Kilwa, Mogadishu,etc
Great Zimbabwe
Swahili
Khosian (“click”)
Middle Passage
Senegambia
“Gold Coast”
Large area in Ghana where many slaves were taken
Dahomey (Togo and Benin) “Slave Coast”
Major area in Africa where slaves were taken from
factory forts
shore method
triangle trade
“Scramble for Africa”
Missionaries
trading companies
Indirect rule
Where the colonizing countries imposed their rules through local leadership, used often in SSA
Direct Rule
Where the colonizing country sent many people from the colonizing country to the colony to directly impose their rule
Assimilation
“White Man’s Burden”
Social Darwinism
Berlin Conference, 1884
Dutch East India Co, 1652
Afrikaners
People mainly of Dutch ancestry, but also connections to the French Huguenotes
Khoikhoi
Boers
Afrikaans
Mix of Khoisan and Afrikaans
“Cape Colony”
Xhosa
Great Trek (1835-46)
Voortrekkers
Boers that participated in the Great Trek
Battle of Blood River (1838)
Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
Lord Kitchener
Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal
Mines and Work Act (1911)
Native Land Act (1913)
African National Congress (ANC)
National Party (1948)
Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo
Sharpeville Massacre, 1960
black consciousness movement
Soweto, 1976
Pieter Botha
Frederick deKlerk
Bantustans
Reservation like areas where the Bantus were forced to move to
economic sanctions
Mesoamerica
Yucatan Peninsula
Maize
Type of corn grown in Mesoamerica. It was grown there as early as 5000 BCE.
Maya
Tikal
Stelae
Stone monuments constructed by the Mayans dedicated to kings. The Mayan people could pray at these monuments to bless the kings.
Cacao
Significant plant in Mayan civilization. Mesoamerica was a source of these plants, prized as a beverage for the upper class. Cocoa beans from these plants were often used as currency.
bajos (similar to chinampas)
Raised fields used in Mayan civilization for growing crops in the swamplands of Mesoamerica. They were similar to the chinampas of the Aztec kingdom.