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renaissance army
a. pikemen
b. missile troops
c. sword + bucklermen
d. gendarmes
e. light cav. (jinette, stadiotes)
f. artillery
(big change from hoplites w/ hoplites, slingers, archers)
another change will be economic
later middle ages brings increasingly stability
trade begins to develop/grow once more - and from it new wealth
1. merchants
2. manufacturers
manufactures formed guides = early trade unions which oversaw:
a. training
b. quality
c. prices
some towns (especially northern Italy) became so prosperous that
a. merchants and guilds ran them
b. they became independent of local feudal lords
england’s went a step farther - devising a representative body- parliament
a. lords (wealthy land-owners)
b. commons (merchants/guilds)
another change - fortifications
a. motte and bailey
b. stone castle
c. but tall, thin castle walls vulnerable to artillery
Italian renaissance engineers, began creating new defenses
a. low
b. earth-bound
angle bastions added to walls to
allow for crossfire
another change - military formations
a. orginally a pike block/square
b. now this will become a tercio

tercio - advantages
a. the look
b. protection of pikes by missiles
c. weight
tercio has:
a. pikeman
b. sword + buckermen
c. missile troops
main missile weapons =
the matchlock
spain, through its american conquests became dominant and wealth and so
their formation the tercio - became everyone’s formation for a little while
tercios are also:
a. slow and clumsy
b. masked ½ of its gunfire
from 1568-1648 (80 years war) the dutch struggled
to escape spanish control but always out spent and out numbered
a dutch general and noble maurice of nassua, invented new dutch formations to counter this
a. read ancient classics - used the roman triples acies
b. changed infantry lines to M P M so that firepower could be used (“the dutch system” allowed for greater flexibility as well)
1600, maurice defeated the spanish at nitewport and generals began
to see this as an alternate method of combat