suffixes, prefixes, roots and integumentary

accessory organs of the skin

hair, nails, glands

functions of skin

-register sensations (temp, pain, pressure)

-covers / protects surfaces of the body

-produces secretions

-contains nerves for impulse transmission (like pain)

-regulates temp

epidermis

outer layer of skin

sublayer of epidermis

basal layer

basal layer

made of melanocytes which produce melanin

melanin

black pigment that protects skin from UV rays

absence of melanin

albinism

dermis

second layer of skin

what does the dermis include

-nerves

-capillaries

-lymphatic vessels

-hair follicles

-sebaceous oil glands

-sudoriferous sweat glands

third / bottom layer of skin

subcutaneous / hypodermis

what does the subcutaneous / hypodermis include

-loose connective tissue

-adipose tissue (fat)

-blood vessels

what does the subcutaneous / hypodermis do

-store fat

-insulates

-cushions body

-regulates temp

adipocele^{add-uh-po-seal}

(fat)(cell) hernia containing fat or fatty tissue

cutaneous

pertaining to the skin

keratosis

thickened epidermis

melanoma

(darkened)(tumor) black cancerous tumor / growth

scleroderma^{skell-air-uh-derma}

chronic hardening of the skin

seborrhea^seb-er-e-uh

excess secretion of glands → dry scalp

dermatologist

specializes in skin disorders

types of skin lesions

primary and secondary

primary skin lesions def

initial reaction (bump, laceration, etc)

types of primary skin lesions

flat and elevated (elevated = solid or fluid filled)

secondary skin lesions def

changes that take place as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, etc → body causes

specific types of primary skin lesions

-macule

-papule

-nodule

-tumor

-wheal

-vesicle

-pustule

-bulla

(blue = flat, pink=elevated, purple = filled)

specific types of secondary skin lesions

-excoriations

-fissure

-ulcer

macule

flat pigment, <1cm (freckles, flat mole, some rashes)

papule

solid, elevated, <1cm, normal or pigmented (wart, pimple, ringworm, psoriasis, eczema)

nodule

palpable, larger and deeper than papule, .6-2cm, into dermal area

tumor

solid, >2cm, extends into dermal and subcutaneous

wheal

firm, swollen, itchy, paler in center than edges (hives, insect bites, urticaria)

vesicle

fluid filled, <.5cm, blisters

pustule

contains pus, usually <1cm (acne, scabies, furuncle, pustular psoriasis)

bulla

vesicle or blister >1cm (2nd degree burns, severe poison oak or ivy)

excoriations

scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis (scratch marks, abrasions, chem or thermal burns)

fissure

small slit or crackle sore that goes into the dermal layer, caused by continuous inflammation or drying (cracked hands / lips)

ulcer

open sore or lesion, goes into dermis, heals with scarring (pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma)

different types of burns

thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive

first degree burn characteristics

reddened skin, partial thickness, mostly epidermis

second degree burn characteristics

reddened and blistered, epidermis and dermis aka partial thickness

third degree burn characteristics

all layers ok skin aka full thickness, charring of the skin

adult burn % rule

rule of 9s (9 for head and arms, 18 for torso, back, and legs)

child burn % rule

mostly 9s (9 for arms, 18 for head, torso, and back, 13.5 for legs)

basal cell carcinoma

most common

squamous cell carcinoma

hardening of epidermal cells

malignant melanoma

malignant growth of melanocytes, can go to liver, lungs, or brain

abscess

puss filled area

acne

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

alopecia

hair loss

cellulitis

inflammation and infection of skin (animal bite, etc)

comedo

keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging duct (blackheads)

decubitus^{dih-cube-it-iss} ulcer

aka bedsore

ecchymosis^{etch-uh-mo-sis}

bruise

eczema

chronic inflammatory condition of dry, itchy skin

erythema^{air-ruh-theme-a}

redness of skin

eschar

slothing off of dead skin

pallor

whitening of skin

psoriasis ^{sore-eye-uh-sis}

silvery, dry scales in itchy red skin

impetigo

bacterial skin infection w pustules that become honey crusted and eventually rupture

petechia^pet-teke-e

pinpoint red hemorage (strep)

pruritus^prue-ite-us

intense itching

scabies

itch mite

tinea

fungal infection

urticaria^er-tick-area

allergic reaction (hives / wheals)

vitiligo

localized loss of skin pigmentation

chemical peel

chemical removal of epidermis to treat acne

dermabrasion

scrape away epidermis

debridement^debreed-mint

removal of necrotized (dead) tissue

incision and drainage

numb, remove and clean, and sometimes pack

purpose of packing

so skin can heal from bottom (hypodermis) up

fulguration

tissue destruction by means of high frequency electric current

cryosurgery

liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrous oxide, compressed argon gas (wart freeze)

levels of organization in human body

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

study of body at cellular level

cytology

study of tissue

histology

epithelial tissue

lines cavities / organs

connective tissue

loose and fibrous → cushioning (cartilage also does this)

muscle tissue

contractile tissue

nervous tissue

?

organs

2 or more types of tissue

organ systems

two or more organs working together

four categories of organ systems

support movement and protection, integration and coordination, maintenance of body, and reproduction and development

support, movement, and protection

musculoskeletal

integration and coordination

nervous system

sagittal / midsagittal

divides body into left and right

corona / frontal

divides body into anterior and posterior

transverse plane

divides body into superior and inferior

anatomical position

anterior

towards the front

posterior

towards the back

superior

towards the top

inferior

towards the bottom

medial

toward midline of the body

lateral

away from midline of the body

proximal

closer to the point of attachment

distal

further from point of attachment

superficial

located near the surface

deep

located away from the surface

prone

laying face down

supine

laying face up

palmar

referring to the palm of the hand