Plant Biology and Hormones

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts related to plant biology, hormones, and cellular structures based on lecture notes.

Chromatin

The complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which packages DNA into a more compact structure.

Microtubule Organizing Centers (MTOCs)

Organelles that help organize the microtubules in the cell; in cilia and flagella, they are known as basal bodies.

Thylakoid

The part of the chloroplast that contains photosynthetic pigments, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.

Microvilli

Finger-like projections that increase the surface area of cells, particularly in the intestines, aiding in absorption.

Synthetic Auxin

A type of plant hormone, such as 2,4-D, that is used as a herbicide to control plant growth.

Ethylene

A gaseous phytohormone involved in various plant processes, including fruit ripening.

Magnesium

A mineral deficiency that causes 'rosette' in plants, characterized by stunted growth and curled leaves.

Calcium

A mineral deficiency that leads to 'blossom end rot' in tomatoes, causing brown, sunken areas on the fruit.

Epinasty

A developmental response in which the upper side of a leaf or flower stem grows faster than the lower side, causing it to curve downwards.

Parthenocarpy

The natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.

Nucleoid

The region within a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located, not enclosed by a membrane.

70S Ribosomes

The type of ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells, smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes.

Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Cells that commonly contain microvilli, enhancing absorption in the intestines.

Tubulin

A cytoskeletal protein that polymerizes to form microtubules, which are essential for cell shape and movement.

Cilia and Flagella

Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella; both are structures that allow for cell movement.

Auxin

The hormone responsible for phototropism, helping plants grow towards light.

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

A hormone that increases during water stress, helping plants conserve water.

Magnesium

A mineral required for chlorophyll production, essential for photosynthesis.

Phosphate

A mineral that is part of ATP, playing a crucial role in energy transfer within cells.

Golgi Body

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Endosymbiont Theory

The theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts as a result of symbiosis between early eukaryotic cells and engulfed prokaryotes.

Gibberellins

Plant hormones that promote stem elongation, seed germination, and fruit development, playing a key role in the Green Revolution.

TIR1 Receptor

The receptor for auxin perception in plants, involved in the signaling pathway affecting growth responses.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)

The primary form of auxin synthesized from the amino acid L-tryptophan.

9+2 Arrangement

A structure found in the axoneme of cilia and flagella, consisting of nine doublet microtubules surrounding a central pair.

Strigolactones

A class of hormones that function as rhizospheric signals to attract mycorrhizae.