GL 7

Oral cavity

Extends from the __**lips**__ to the __**pharynx**__

Palatoglossal folds

Form oropharyngeal isthmus (entrance into pharynx

Vestibule and oral cavity proper

two components of oral cavity

teeth

divides oral cavity proper and vestibule

Vestibule

* Lies between the __**lips and cheeks externally**__ and __**Teeth and gums internally**__
* Slit-like space communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure between the lips

behind 3rd molar

With the jaw closed, where is the existing connection between the vestibule and the oral cavity proper?

limited by the reflection of the mucous membrane from the lips, cheeks, and gums

superior and inferior border of vestibule

lateral wall of vestibule

cheek

Frenulum labiorum

median folds connecting the inner surfaces of the upper and lower lips to the adjacent gingivae

Stensen’s duct

openings of the parotid duct; open into the vestibule opposite the __**upper 2nd molar tooth**__

mucous membrane

Tethered to buccinators via elastic fibers in the submucosa - prevents redundant folds from being bitten when jaws are closed

formed by the hard palate in front and soft palate behind

roof of oral cavity proper

anterior 2/3 of the tongue and reflection of the mucous membrane from the sides of the tongue to the gum of

the mandible

floor of oral cavity proper

teeth

lateral and anterior border of oral cavity proper

oropharyngeal isthmus

posterior border of oral cavity proper

Frenulm lingua

fold of mucous membrane connecting the under surface of the tongue in the midline to floor of the mouth

Fimbriated folds (plica fimbriata)

fringed folds lateral to the frenulum

Submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct)

opens onto floor of the mouth on small papilla on either side of the frenulum

Sublingual fold

low fold of mucous membrane from the projection of the sublingual gland up into the mouth

mylohyoid

Main muscle of the floor of the mouth

greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

Sensory innervation of the __**roof**__ of the mouth

lingual nerve

Sensory innervation of the __**floor**__ of the mouth - general sensation

chorda typani

Sensory innervation of the __**floor**__ of the mouth - taste sensation

buccal nerve

Sensory innervation of the __**cheek**__ of the mouth

buccal nerve

supplies buccinator muscle

teeth

Placed in the alveolar margins of the maxilla and mandible

periodontal ligaments

Anchor each tooth in socket forming a fibrous joint

Deciduous Teeth

* Primary dentition/ baby teeth
* Erupt about __**6 months after birth**__
* All have erupted by the end of 2

years

permanent teeth

* Appear at __**6 years of age**__
* Last tooth to erupt is the __**3rd molar**__ –

may happen between the ages of 17

and 30

gomphosis

Joint that binds the teeth to bony sockets in maxillary and mandible

crown

projects above the gum; covered with enamel

Neck (gingiva/ gum)

constricted portion between crown and root

(enamel disappears at this level)

root

embedded in the alveolus; perforated by an apical foramen which transmits neurovascular structures into the root canal

Superior and Inferior alveolar artery

arterial supply of teeth

Superior and Inferior alveolar veins

venous drainage of teeth

Superior and Inferior alveolar nerve

innervation of teeth

parotid gland

Largest gland, __serous__

Stensen’s duct

* Opens into the opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth
* Passes forward over the lateral surface of the masseter
* duct found __in parotid gland__

Glossopharyngeal nerve

* innervation of parotid gland
* Reaches the gland via the __**tympanic branch,**__

__**lesser petrosal nerve**__, __**otic ganglion**__, & __**auriculotemporal nerve**__

submandibular gland

gland beneath the lower border of the body of the mandible; **mixture** of serous and mucous

mylohyoid

Divides the submandibular gland into superficial and deep lobes

Wharton’s duct

* duct found in the submandibular gland
* Opens into the mouth on a small papilla at the side of the tongue frenulum
* From anterior end of the dep part and runs forward beneath the mouth’s mucous membrane

facial nerve

* innervation of submandibular and sublingual gland


* Via the __**Chorda tympani**__ and __**submandibular ganglion**__
* Postganglionic fibers pass directly to the gland

sublingual gland

__**Smallest salivary gland**__, serous and mucous __**(mostly mucous)**__; Beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth close to the frenulum of the tongue

Rivinus duct

Opens into the mouth on the summit of the sublingual fold

tongue

Mass of striated muscle covered with mucus membrane

Tongue muscles

attaches tongue to the styloid process and soft palate above

mandible and hyoid bone

attachment of tongue below

Median fibrous septum

divides the tongue into right and left halves

* Lingual artery - Branch of the **Facial artery**
* Tonsillar branch of the **facial artery**
* Ascending pharyngeal artery

arterial supply of the tongue

IJV

Lingual Vein, Ascending pharyngeal vein drain into ___

hypoglossal nerve

muscle nerve supply of the tongue

* **Lingual nerve** (**common sensation**) – Branch of the Mandibular division of the **Trigeminal nerve**


* **Chorda tympani** (**taste sensation**) – **Facial nerve**

innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Glossopharyngeal nerve (general sensation and taste)

innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

submental lymph nodes

lymph drainage at the tip of the tongue

Submandibular & Deep cervical lymph nodes

lymph drainage at the sides of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

deep cervical lymph nodes

lymph drainage at the sides of the posterior 3rd of the tongue

Median septum and submucosa

Superior genial spine of mandible

Body and greater cornu of hyoid bone

Styloid process of temporal bone

Palatine aponeurosis

Mucous membrane

Blends with other tongue muscles

Side of the tongue

Hypoglossal nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Pharyngeal plexus

Alters shape of the tongue

Protrudes tongue apex through mouth

Depresses tongue

Draws tongue upward and backward

Narrows oropharyngeal isthmus

sulcus terminalis

V- shaped sulcus; Divides the mucous membrane of the upper surface of the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

foramen cecum

* Small pit at the apex of the sulcus projecting backward
* Embryologic remnant marking the site of the thyroglossal duct upper end

Filiform papillae

* Most numerous, lined with keratinized epithelium
* Appear as tiny cones arranged in rows parallel to circumvallate papillae
* Without taste buds

Fungiform papillae

* Small and red dots at the tip and lateral borders
* With small elevated cone of epithelium
* Provided with taste buds

Circumvallate papillae

* Largest among the papillae along the anterior side of the sulcus terminalis
* Broad cone shape with a narrower stem in lingual mucosa
* Taste buds located at the stem

lingual tonsil (lymph nodules)

**Posterior 1/3 of the tongue** is devoid of papillae and irregularly shaped due to ____

pharynx

* Situated behind the nasal cavities, mouth, and larynx
* Can be divided into **nasal**, **oral**, & **laryngeal parts**

auditory tube

mucous membrane is continuous with **tympanic cavity**

base of the skull

commencement of pharynx

opposite c6

termination of the pharynx

maxillary nerve

Sensory nerve supply of the nasopharynx

glossopharyngeal nerve

Sensory nerve supply of the oropharynx

Vagus nerve – internal laryngeal branch

Sensory nerve supply of the laryngopharynx

Facial artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Maxillary and lingual artery

blood supply of the pharynx

into deep cervical lymph nodes

direct lymph drainage of the pharynx

retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes

indirect lymph drainage of the pharynx

Median pterygoid plate, Pterygoid Hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mylohyoid line of mandible

Lower part of stylohyoid ligament Lesser & greater cornu of hyoid bone

Lamina of thyroid cartilage \n Cricoid cartilage

Lowest fibers of inferior constrictor muscle

Styloid process of temporal bone

Palatine aponeurosis

Auditory tube

Pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone

Pharyngeal raphe

Posterior border of thyroid cartilage

Blends with palatopharyngeus