Biology Chapter 11 (lock in or you're cooked)

taxonomy

the science of classifying organisms

taxon

a grouping within a classification scheme

domain

the taxonomic division just above the kingdom level that groups organisms on the basis of cellular, chemical, and RNA analyses

kingdom

One of the broad taxonomic groupings just below the domain level, composed of one or more phyla

phylum

a taxonomic division within a kingdom, composed of one or more classes

class

a taxonomic division within a phylum composed of one or more orders

order

a taxonomic division within a class, composed of one or more families

family

a taxonomic division within an order, composed of one or more genera

genus

a taxonomic division within a family, composed of one or more species

species

a taxonomic division within a genus, consisting of a single type of organism

binomial nomenclature

a system of naming organisms in which each organism is given a genus and species name

scientific name

a two part name, consisting of a genus name and species epithet, that is unique to a particular species

systematics

the study of evolutionary relationships among living things through time

phylogeny

the evolutionary history of species or population

cladistics

The reclassification of organisms that is based on shared characteristics thought to be derived from a common ancestor

phylogenetic tree

a diagram that shows the supposed evolutionary relationships between the groups of organisms

clade

A branch on a phylogenetic tree that includes all the descendants of an evolutionary common ancestor

divergence

the process of two similar species becoming increasingly different over time

derived trait

a trait that arises within a clade and is shared by all future members of that called

convergence

the process of two different species independently evolving the same derived trait