energy

Stored energy

Potential energy is what type of energy?

Chemical energy

Stored in the chemical bonds between atoms (in glucose or ATP)

Kinetic energy

Energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion

The equation for free energy is

Enthalpy (H)

Total potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of a molecules.

Entropy (S)

Energy that is lost as disorder or heat. It’s energy we cannot use to do work.

Free energy (G)

This is the Gibbs free energy. It is the actual energy left over that the cell can use.

For a cell, the goal of life is

To maximize G (usable energy) and minimize S (lost heat)

Negative Delta G

(Energy OUT/ RELEASED = less free energy

Catabolism

You break a big molecule into smaller ones

Spontaneous

Meaning energetically favorable

Catabolism

Released stored energy by breaking complex molecules

Positive ^G

( energy IN/ABSORBED = More free energy)

Anabolism

You build a complex molecules from simple ones

Non-spontaneous

Endergonic

Anabolism

Using energy from catabolism to synthesize complex molecules

Entropy (S)

Energy that is lost ad disorder/randomness or heat - unusable energy

Transition state

An unstable, high energy state where bonds are being stretched or broken

Activation energy (Ea)

Initial energy necessary for reactions to occur

The higher the activation energy (Ea)

The slower the chemical reaction

The products are at a lower energy state than the reactants

Exergonic

Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies (Ea) between two given chemical reactions

Compare their reaction rates