Physics Term 2 Year 10

What is distance?

A measurement of length between two points

What is displacement?

It is the overall change of position

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

With displacement we include direction. Comparing the starting position to the finishing position/

What are vectors and examples?

Quantities that have magnitude and direction. E.g, weight, velocity, momentum.

What are scalars and examples?

Physical quantities that only have a magnitude. E.g, mass, time, temp, electric charge.

Is distance scalar or vector?

Distance does not have direction so it's scalar.

Is displacement vector or scalar?

It has direction so it is a vector.

What is acceleration?

The change in velocity over the change in time.

When is an object accelerating?

If there are any changes in magnitude or direction. Even if an object is not changing speed, it is still accelerating.

How do you do scalar addition?

!. Add together the values

How do you do vector addition?

1. Assign a direction as positive, any vector that acts in the opposite direction is negative

What does it mean if vector addition comes out positive?

The overall force acts upwards.

What does it mean if vector addition comes out negative?

The overall force is downwards.

What is deceleration?

If a car slows down at a traffic light that is deceleration. It's like negative aceleration.

What is a displacement-time graph/what does it show?

It displays the motion of an object with time on the horizontal axis and displacement on the vertical axis.

What is a distance-time graph/what does it show?

The gradient of a distance time graph gives the velocity. A constant

What does a constant gradient indicate on a distance-time graph?

Constant speed

What does a zero gradient on a horizontal line indicate?

It means the object is stationary

What is a velocity time graph/what does it show?

It displays the motion of an object with time on the horizontal axis and velocity on the vertical.

What does the gradient of a velocity time graph give?

It gives the acceleration of an object.

What does the area under a velocity time graph give?

The total distance travelled

What does increasing or decreasing the gradient do?

It gives the rate at which the acceleration is increasing or decreasing

What does a zero gradient mean (velocity time graph)

It means the object is travelling at constant speed.

What are distance time graphs used for?

To track the motion of an object; they tell us how far an object has moved at each point in time.

How to determine speed on a distance time graph

Look at the gradient. Rise - run = change in s - change in t

What units do you use on a distance time graph?

Y axis units by x axis units

What does a straight line show (distance time graph)

Shows that the object are travelling at a constant speed

What do curved upward/downward lines show (distance time graphs)

Shows that objects are accelerating/decelerating

What are the two classifications for forces?

Balances (e.g stationary) or unbalanced (e.g falling or moving objects), contact or non-contact, a push a pull or a twist

What can forces be applied on?

They can be applied on a living or non-living object by another living or non-living object

What can forces change regarding objects?

• The shape of an object

• The speed of an object (starts, stops, speed up, slow down)

• Direction

What are the types of forces?

Friction forces

Gravity force

Applied force

Drag force

Spring force

Magnetic force

Tension force

Buoyant force

How do you represent forces?

Use arrows on diagarms

What do the length/direction of the arrows represent?

Length represents the magnitude of the force, direction represents the direction of forces

What are forces measured in?

Newtons (N)

What are free body diagrams?

Diagrams that depict forces

What are free body diagrams used for?

To depict the size and direction of all forces acting on an object in a moment in time

What do you label arrows with in free body diagrams?

Arrows are labelled to indicate the type of force acting

F = ?

F = A force

What is normal force?

An everyday force that is felt when a surface pushes against an object that is placed on that surface

How to gravity and normal force negate each other?

Normal force stops objects falling through surfaces by hoisting them up, gravity pulls objects downward, thereby negating each other

What does 'normal' stand for in normal force?

It means perpendicular to the surface

What is friction?

It is a contact/non-contact force that acts when an object slides or rolls over a surface to another object

Why is friction an opposing force?

It always acts in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the object

What is air resistance (drag)/why is it a friction force?

It acts upon objects as they move through the air

What is a force diagram?

A diagram showing all the forces acting on a object, the forces direction and magnitude.

Fr =

T =

N =

G =

Fr = friction

T = tension

N = normal

G = gravity

What are balanced forces?

Two forces acting on an object and equal in size

What do balanced forces cause?

The object stays still or continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction (same velocity)

What is instantaneous speed?

The speed of an object at a particular point in time.

What is a tangent?

A straight line that scrapes one spot on a curved line

How to figure out instantaneous speed on a distance-time graph?

1. Draw the tangent to the distance time graph at a point in time

2. Calculate the gradient of the tangent

How do you find average speed on a distance time graph?

1. Pick 2 points on the graph that cover the time period

2. Calculate the gradient between the points

What are unbalanced forces?

Two forces acting on an object that are unequal in size

What do unbalanced forces cause?

Still objects to move

Moving objects to speed up or slow down

Moving objects to stop

Moving objects to change direction

What are resultant (Net) forces

The sum of all forces acting on a object, the force that alone produces the same acceleration as all those forces

Are forces going left and downwards positive or negative?

Negative

What is gravity?

A invisible force that pulls objects toward each other

What is the relationship between mass/gravity?

Objects with more mass have more gravity.

What is the relationship between mass/distance?

Gravity gets weaker with distance.

What is mass?

The amount of stuff/material of an object

What is weight?

A measure of the force of gravity pulling an object down towards the centre of a large object such as a planet

What does weight depend on?

Gravity - less weight on the moon compared to earth for same object

The mass of the object

What is the equation for gravity?

Fg = mass x gravity

What is Newton's first law of motion?

Every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force

How do you change an object's speed direction or state of rest?

A force must be applied

What is INERTIA?

The tendency of an object to resist any change in motion

What is the law of INERTIA?

The heavier (larger mass) the object has the greater its INERTIA

The heavier the object, the harder it is to move, speed it up or slow it down, a stranger force must be applies

What is Newton's second law of motion?

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied

What does Newton's second law describe?

How the mass of an object affects the way that the object moves when acted upon by a force

Why does an object accelerate more rapidly?

When a larger force is applied to the object

What is the formula for net force?

Fnet = m x a

What is teh formula for acceleration?

a = f/m

What is Fnet

The net force applied to the object, measuraured in Newtons

What is the m

The mass of the object measured in kilograms

What is the a

The acceleration of teh object measured in m/s/s