Chap 5 GEO (Water Resources)

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32 Terms

1

2.8%

fresh water

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2

68.7%

ice sheets and glaciers

  • fresh water distribution

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3

30.1%

ground water

  • fresh water distributions

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4

0.3%

other fresh water distributions

  • liquid water at surface - lakes (89%) rivers (2%), swaps (11%)

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5

precipitation

water that falls (gravitation) to earths surface

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6

overland flow (sheet flow)

when water flows across land surface

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7

run off

water stars flowing in established channels

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8

infiltration

water soaks top of soil

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9

percolation

water leaves bottom of soil/ gravity force

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10

transpiration

water vapor entering the air thru plants

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11

evapotranspiration (ET)

evaporation + transpiration

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12

actual ET (ACTET)

actual amount of water into air

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13

potential ET (POTET)

maximum possible ET

  • how dry/hot/windy the air is

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14

Precip = ACTET (POTET - deficit) + surplus ± storage

soil - water balance equation

  • water from air = water sucked back into air + water led out once soil is full ± water added to or take from the soil

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15

meteorological

prolonged below “normal” precipitation

  • type of drought

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16

agricultural

dryness affecting crop yields

  • type of drought

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17

hydrological

significant water supply shortage

  • type of drought

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18

socioeconomic

impact on human life and likelihood

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19

groundwater

important amount of runoff water pulled down through soil (in rock)

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20

water table

top of zone of saturation

  • how far to dig for wells

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21

spring

where the water table is exposed at earth’s surface

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22

aquifer

permeable rock material

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23

aquiclude

impermeable rock material

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24

zone of aeration

rock material still has air in crack and pore space

  • water percolates

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25

zone of saturation

gravity will have pulled down enough water down to fill all the crack and pores

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26

industrial

___ deep injection wells

  • contamination sources

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27

septic

__ system outflow

  • contamination

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28

waste dump

toxic ___ ___ seepage

  • contamination sources

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29

agricultural

____ chemicals

  • contamination sources

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30

waste landfill

solid ___ ___ seepage

  • contamination sources

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31

hydraulic

___ fracturing (fracking)

  • contamination sources

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32

groundwater recharge

  • soil as well

  • the process which water infiltrates the ground and replenishes soil moisture

  • through precipitation, infiltration

  • essential for maintaining ground level, support vegetation and water supplies

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