BIO 107: Unit 3 - Ch 10 Muscular System

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How many fixed point of attachment (origin) does muscle have?

What have 1 fixed point of attachment (origin)?

How many moving point of attachment (insertion) does muscle have?

What have 1 moving point of attachment (insertion)?

What is the belly in the muscular system?

What is the central or body portion of the muscle?

What are actions in the muscular system?

What are movements produced by muscle contraction?

What are innervations in the muscular system?

What is the distribution of nerve(s) to muscle or muscle group?

What does the muscle term agonist (prime mover) means?

Which muscle terminology means:

• Produces a particular movement

What does the muscle term antagonist means?

Which muscle terminology means:

• Opposes movement of a particular agonist

What does the muscle term synergist means?

Which muscle terminology means:

• A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist by starting motion or to stabilize origin of agonist

What does the muscle term fixators means?

Which muscle terminology means:

• Synergist that assists by preventing movement at another joint or by stabilizing the origin of a muscle

What are parallel muscles of fascicle organization?

Which pattern of fascicle organization is:

• Fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle

• The center or body of the muscle thickens when contracts

What are convergent muscles of fascicle organization?

Which pattern of fascicle organization is:

• A broad area converges on attachment site

• Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation

What are pennate muscles of fascicle organization?

Which pattern of fascicle organization is:

• Form an angle with the tendon

• Do not move as far as parallel muscles

• Contain more myofibrils than parallel muscles

• Develop more tension than parallel muscles

What are unipennate muscles?

Which type of pennate muscle have:

• Fibers on 1 side of tendon

What are bipennate muscles?

Which type of pennate muscle have:

• Fibers on both sides of tendon

What are multipennate muscles?

Which type of pennate muscle have:

• Tendon branches within muscle

What are circular muscles of fascicle organization?

Which pattern of fascicle organization is:

• Also called sphincters

• Open and close to guard entrances of body

What are the functions of levers?

What are these functions of:

• Mechanically, each bone is a lever (a rigid moving structure)

• Each joint is a fulcrum (a fixed point), (F)

• Muscles provide applied force (AF)

• (AF) Required to overcome resistance (R)

What are first-class levers?

Which class of levers have:

• Seesaw is an example

• Center fulcrum between applied force and resistance

• Force and resistance are balanced

What are second-class levers?

Which class of levers have:

• Wheelbarrow is an example

• Center resistance between applied force and fulcrim

• A small force moves a large weight

What are third-class levers?

Which class of levers have:

• Most common levers in the body. Ex - shovel

• Center applied force between resistance and fulcrum

• Greater force moves smaller resistance

• Maximizes speed and distance traveled