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Census
a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting demographic data about a population at a specific time.
Environmental determinism
Belief that natural factors controls the development of human qualities (theory that nature controls the way people do stuff)
Geographic information system
a powerful tool that captures, stores, analyzes, and visualizes geographic data.
Guest workers
individuals who temporarily migrate to a foreign country for employment purposes, often filling labor shortages in specific sectors.
International Date Line
an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, roughly following the 180th meridian of longitude.
Isogloss
A line around places where speakers use a linguistic feature in the same way (soda/pop)
Language Family
a group of languages that are related through descent from a common ancestral language, known as a proto-language.
More developed country
a nation that has achieved a high level of economic growth and advanced technological infrastructure, resulting in a high standard of living for its citizens.
Outsourcing
the practice of delegating specific tasks or services to external companies or individuals, often in different countries, to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Pastoral nomadism
a form of subsistence agriculture where people rely primarily on the herding of livestock for their livelihood, moving their animals seasonally to find fresh pastures and water.
Pidgin language
A simplified form of a lingua franca used for communication between two groups of people that speak different language languages
Population pyramid
graphical representations that show the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically divided by gender.
Technopole
specialized areas or regions that focus on the development and promotion of high-tech industries and advanced technology. These hubs bring together universities, research institutions, and businesses to foster innovation and technological advancement, creating a collaborative environment that enhances industrial growth and competitiveness.
Textile
the production of fabrics and garments, playing a critical role in the development of modern economies.
Transnational corporation
large companies that operate in multiple countries, often managing production or delivering services across borders while having a headquarters in one country.
Break of bulk point
location where goods are transferred from one mode of transportation to another, facilitating the movement of cargo in trade
Chlorofluorocarbon
man-made compounds that consist of chlorine, fluorine, carbon, and hydrogen.
Creole language
A pidgin that has survived long enough to become a mother tongue
Ecotourism
A form of sustainable tourism that focuses on experiencing natural environments, promoting conservation and benefiting local communities.
Edge city
urban centers that emerge on the outskirts of traditional cities, characterized by a concentration of retail, office space, and entertainment facilities.
Extinct language
Languages that no longer have any speakers or native users.
Intensive agriculture
A farming practice that aims to maximize yields from a given area of land through the use of high levels of inputs, such as labor, fertilizers, and technology.
Isolated language
A language that is not related to any other known language family, meaning it stands alone and has no clear linguistic ancestors, often due to geographic isolation of the people who speak it
Devolution
The transfer of power from a central government to a lower level of government, such as a regional or local government.
Lingua Franca
A language that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages.
Literary tradition
The body of written works, genres, styles, themes, and techniques that have been passed down through generations.
Pilgrimage
A journey to a sacred place or shrine, often undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons.
Plantation
an agricultural practice where large farms, specialize in the production of cash crops, which are typically grown for sale rather than subsistence. This type of farming is often characterized by monoculture, where a single crop is cultivated extensively, and it usually relies on labor-intensive methods, often utilizing both seasonal and permanent workers.
Shifting cultivation
An agricultural practice where farmers clear a plot of land, grow crops for a few years, and then move to a new area, allowing the previously used land to regenerate.
Zoning Ordinance
A legal framework that governs how land in a certain area can be used, including the types of buildings allowed and their density.
Blockbusting
A real estate practice where agents induce panic selling in a neighborhood by suggesting that racial or ethnic minorities are moving in, thus manipulating homeowners to sell their properties at lower prices.
Concentric zone model
Describes urban land use patterns in a city. It posits that cities grow outward from a central point in a series of concentric rings, each with distinct characteristics and functions, highlighting how social structures and economic activities spatially relate within urban environments.
Dialect
Regional or social variations of a language that differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.
Filtering
The process where houses gradually decline in quality over time and are occupied by lower-income households as higher-income residents move to newer, better quality housing
Gentrification
A complex urban process where deteriorating neighborhoods undergo transformation through an influx of more affluent residents, leading to increased property values and the displacement of long-term, lower-income residents.
Gravity Model
Suggests that larger places attract more people, goods, and information, while distance acts as a barrier to these interactions, making it a critical tool in understanding spatial relationships in geography.
Stable crop
A basic food that is eaten regularly and in large quantities, forming the foundation of a diet.
Rank size rule
A principle that describes the relationship between the size of a city and its rank in a hierarchy of cities within a particular area.
Redlining
Discriminatory practice in which banks, insurers, and other financial institutions refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, or other services to individuals based on the racial or ethnic composition of the area in which they live.
