Exam 1 Info Anatomy Final

Which describes the study of the functions of the body structures?

physiology

The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the

nervous and endocrine systems

Which cavity contains the heart?

pericardial cavity

The function of the secretions of the pleura is to

reduce friction between neighboring organs

Cutting the body in half at the diaphragm would create the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. What plane would create these halves?

transverse

Which plane divides the body into unequal right and left halves?

B; sagittal

What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?”

none of the above

Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?

childbirth

Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?

PET

Which type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid?

transmembrane protein

Plasma membrane are ______, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasm membrane while other chemicals do not.

selectively permeable

Which of the following is the transport process by which gases, like O₂ and CO₂, move through a membrane?

simple diffusion

If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis

into the cell

What transport process uses the energy stored in Na⁺ or H⁺ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients?

secondary active transport

Which of the following transport processes uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell?

endocytosis

A sperm cell is the only type of human cell that contains a _____, which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.

flagellum

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?

peroxisomes

What is the major function of histones?

help organize coiling and folding of the DNA

During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins.

interphase

Most intravenous solutions are ____ with respect to blood cells?

isotonic

Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization:

pleuripotency, mulipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities.

adherens junctions and desmosomes

In which area would transitional epithelial cells be found?

lining of the urinary bladder

______ muscle pumps blood through the body and ______ is located in the wall of blood vessels?

cardiac muscle; smooth muscle

The _____ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the _____ gland releases its apical region and reforms.

holocrine; apocrine

the nose is _____ to the eyes

medial

the ears are _____ to the eyes

lateral

the scapula is ______ to the sternum

posterior

What is homeostasis?

The process of regulating our body conditions to keep them at relatively normal levels. Can use positive (make the problem worse to fix it) or negative (fix the problem quickly) feedback loops.

Explain in your own words why DNA replication is said to be “semiconservative.”

1 new and 1 old strand per cell

golgi complex

packages materials

lysosome

packet of enzymes

mitochondrion

produces ATP

nucleus

houses the DNA

modified collagen fibers used for reinforcement

reticular

strongest and most abundant protein

collagen

allow extensibility, usually without breaking

elastic

Discuss the difference(s) between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.

endocrine - secretes into blood

exocrine - secretes into extracellular fluid & lumen

flat major epithelial cell shape

squamous

major epithelial cell shape that is cube shape

cuboidal

major epithelial cell shape that is rectangular or taller than wide

columnar

one layer of epithelial cells is considered

sinple

two or more layers of cells is considered

stratified