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Which describes the study of the functions of the body structures?
physiology
The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the
nervous and endocrine systems
Which cavity contains the heart?
pericardial cavity
The function of the secretions of the pleura is to
reduce friction between neighboring organs
Cutting the body in half at the diaphragm would create the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. What plane would create these halves?
transverse
Which plane divides the body into unequal right and left halves?
B; sagittal
What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?”
none of the above
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?
childbirth
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?
PET
Which type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid?
transmembrane protein
Plasma membrane are ______, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasm membrane while other chemicals do not.
selectively permeable
Which of the following is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane?
simple diffusion
If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis
into the cell
What transport process uses the energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients?
secondary active transport
Which of the following transport processes uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell?
endocytosis
A sperm cell is the only type of human cell that contains a _____, which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.
flagellum
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?
peroxisomes
What is the major function of histones?
help organize coiling and folding of the DNA
During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins.
interphase
Most intravenous solutions are ____ with respect to blood cells?
isotonic
Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization:
pleuripotency, mulipotency, oligopotency, unipotency
These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities.
adherens junctions and desmosomes
In which area would transitional epithelial cells be found?
lining of the urinary bladder
______ muscle pumps blood through the body and ______ is located in the wall of blood vessels?
cardiac muscle; smooth muscle
The _____ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the _____ gland releases its apical region and reforms.
holocrine; apocrine
the nose is _____ to the eyes
medial
the ears are _____ to the eyes
lateral
the scapula is ______ to the sternum
posterior
What is homeostasis?
The process of regulating our body conditions to keep them at relatively normal levels. Can use positive (make the problem worse to fix it) or negative (fix the problem quickly) feedback loops.
Explain in your own words why DNA replication is said to be “semiconservative.”
1 new and 1 old strand per cell
golgi complex
packages materials
lysosome
packet of enzymes
mitochondrion
produces ATP
nucleus
houses the DNA
modified collagen fibers used for reinforcement
reticular
strongest and most abundant protein
collagen
allow extensibility, usually without breaking
elastic
Discuss the difference(s) between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
endocrine - secretes into blood
exocrine - secretes into extracellular fluid & lumen
flat major epithelial cell shape
squamous
major epithelial cell shape that is cube shape
cuboidal
major epithelial cell shape that is rectangular or taller than wide
columnar
one layer of epithelial cells is considered
sinple
two or more layers of cells is considered
stratified