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What is Atmospheric Stability
the measure of the ATMS tendency to encourage OR resist vertical motion
A stable ATMS means the air _________
wants to sink
Air parcels from a stable ATMS are _______ then the environment and wants to _________
Colder ; Sink
It is easy for cold air to ________
sink
Air parcels from a unstable ATMS are _______ then the environment and wants to _________
Warmer ; Rise
Air that wants to rise and not sink is deemed ________
unstable
the more unstable/ warmer the air parcel is the faster it rises: which causes/ is related to strong _______________
thunderstorms
How do you measure stability
compare the temperature of an air parcel to the temperature of its environment
What are two ways to hear to cool the ATMS
Diabatic & Adiabatic processes
___________processes: cause T change via removal or input of heat
Diabatic
___________processes: when phase changes occur (ex. condensation) latent heat is released
Diabatic
___________processes: causes T change via expansion or compression of air
Adiabatic
___________processes: a rising parcel of air expands and cools, while a sinking parcel of air is compressed and warms
Adiabatic
As air rises it __________
expands & cools
As air rises it cools because of ___________ expansion
Adiabatic
As air sinks it warms because of ___________ compression
Adiabatic
True or False: Air parcels that are colder than the surrounding environment are unstable
Fa
True or False: If air parcels rise in the atmosphere then it expands and warms
False
________ lifting: forcing of air over a mountain
Orographic
Air T & Dew-point T must be equal for air to be:
Saturated
as air sinks— air T will always warm at
10C
on the leeward side of a mountain it is __________ then the windward side
warmer
_________ side of mountains appear more: dry, dessert like
Leeward
_________ side of mountains appear more: lush & green
Winward
What are ways to Lift Air (and form clouds)
Orographic Lifting, Frontal Lifting, Convergence, Localized convection
_________ Lifting: forcing air over mountain (rain shadow on leeward side bc of moisture removed on windward side)
Orohraphic
_________ Lifting: caused by differences in air density along cold or warm fronts (includes sea breeze fronts)
Frontal
_________ Lifting: Air meets a low level forcing up air (ex. LPS)
Convergence
_________ Lifting: thermal driven by warm surface rise and cool to lifted condensation level— cool ait sinks to replace rising warm air
Localized convection
________ stability: tendency for air parcels to be either— Neutral, Stable, or Unstable
Static
_________ air parcel: stay where it was pushed
Neutral
_________ air parcel: comes back to its starting point (cold and dense)
Stable
_________ air parcel: Keeps on going when moved (warm and buoyant)
Unstable
CAPE is how strong thunderstorms can get and it goes up_______
the stronger it is
True or False: the more area the more CAPE there is
True
what is the energy that inhibits thunderstorm formation
CIN