7C- Biology, Cognition & Learning

Biological Preparedness

a biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival value

instinctive drift

the tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns

cognitive map

a mental representation of the layout of one's environment

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

insight learning

a sudden realization of a problem's solution

learned helplessness

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

taste aversion

One-trial learning

the ability of an organism to learn a behavior or response after a single experience. This type of learning is often observed in situations where the consequences of an action are significant, such as a food item causing illness (taste aversion) or a fear response to a dangerous stimulus, indicating that the organism quickly associates specific stimuli with consequences.

intrinsic motivation

the drive to engage in an activity for its own sake, arising from internal rewards or personal satisfaction.

extrinsic motivation

the drive to engage in an activity due to external rewards or pressures, such as money, grades, or recognition.

Social Learning Theory

Proposes that learning can occur by observation and does not have to involve personnel experience with a consequence

Vicarious Learning

a type of learning where individuals acquire knowledge or skills by observing the actions and consequences of others