final type shit

Mathieu Orfila

the father of forensic toxicology

francis galton

conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification

edmond locard

father of crime lab in 1910 in the attic of a police station.

locards exchange principle

when a criminal comes in contact with an object or person a cross-transfer of evidence occurs

sir arthur conan doyle

many people believe that he had considerable influence on popularizing scientific crime detection methods through his fictional character sherlock holmes

J. edgar hoover

father of the FBI

will and william west

virtual doubles with same name and similar bertillion measurements fingerprints led officials to know that will and william were not the same person

civil law

filed by a private party, corporation, or an individual person

penalty

a guilty defendant pays the plaintiff for losses caused by their actions no incarceration

criminal law

filed by the government

DEA

drug enforcement administration

ATF

bureau of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms

Oldest forensic laboratory

los angeles police department

largest crime lab

FBI

toxicology unit

examines body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons

latent fingerprint unit

processes and examines evidence for latent fingerprints

forensic entomology

study of insects and their relationship to a criminal investigation (a fly is the first witness)

the body farm

a simulation of various crime scenes using real human bodies to study human decomposition after death

forensic anthropology

identification of human skeletal remains

forensic odontology

characteristics of teeth used to ID a body

basic principle of fingerprints (1)

a fingerprint is an individual characteristic because no two fingers have yet been found to possess identical ridge characteristics

basic principle of fingerprints (2)

a fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individuals lifetime (once the dermal papillae develop in the human fetus the ridge patterns will remain unchanged except to enlarge during growth)

basic principle of fingerprints (3)

fingerprints have general friction ridge patterns (minutiae) that permit them to be classified (friction skin ridges help us to resist slippage and provide firmer grip) there are as many as 150 minutiae on the average finger

latent fingerprints

once a finger touches a surface body perspiration and oils present on the finger ridges are transferred to that surface leaving an impression that is invisible to the eye before you lift a latent print you must take a 1:1 photo of the print

plastic prints

ridge impressions left on a soft material such as putty, wax, soap, or dust

sir edward henry

created the primary classification system which assigns numerical values to fingers that contain whorls

john dillinger

attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid

AFIS

automated fingerprint identification system, computerized system for storing retrieving and classifying fingerprints

superglue fuming

chemical treatment that produces a white appearing print it is not suitable on porous surface

L.A.W

Loops most common - arches least common - whorles

radial loop

if the loop opens towards the thumb

ulnar loop

if the loop opens towards pinky

plain arch

formed by ridges entering from one side of the print rising and falling and exiting on the opposite side

tented arch

similar to plain instead of rising smoothly at the center there is a sharp spike

whorl

all patterns have a minimum of two deltas

plain whorl

at least one ridge that makes a complete circuit if an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas within these patterns tocuhes any of the circular ridges the pattern is a plain whorl

central pocket whorl

if no ridge is touched the pattern is a central pocket loop

double loop whorl

made up of two loops combined into one fingerprint

accidental

contains two or more patterns or is a pattern not covered by the other categories

cuticle

the scale structure covering the exterior of the hair, scale always point towards the tip of the hair

cortex

main body of the hair shaft its major forensic importance is the fact that it is embedded with the pigment granules that impart hair with color

natural fibers

derived in whole from animal or plant sources (whool, mohair, cashmere, furs)

man-made fibers

manufactured (synthetic)

computer aided drawing

used to create a finished sketch of a crime scene drawn to scale

combined DNA index system (CODIS)

crime laboratories can electronically exchange and compare DNA profiles

Integrated automated fingerprint identification system (IAFIS)

national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI

national integrated ballistics information network (NIBIN)

firearm analysis to compare markings made by a firearm on bullets and casings

bloodstains

created from the application of force to the area where the blood orignated

low velocity spatter

drops with diameters of 4mm or more normally produced by an applied force of up to 5ft

medium velocity spatter

drops with diameters from 1-4mm with an applied force of 5 to 25ft

high velocity spatter

drops with diameters of less than 1mm from an applied force of 100ft

luminol

used by crime scene investigators to detect blood at a crime scene where no blood is visible. glows greenish blue

4th amendment

unreasonable search and seizure

5th amendment

right to not self incriminate

6th amendment

right to council

secret service

created by Lincoln in 1865 sole mission of suppressing counterfeit currency