Modern World History: The Renaissance, Reformation, and World Religions

Unit 1- part 1 flashcards for midterm

Black Plague

1347 arrives in Sicily from china; hits then leaves Italy first

1/3 of europeans killed

survivors demanded higher wages and began to look at life differently

Renaissance

Revolutionary rebirth of art and learning in Europe beginning around 1200 AD

Rediscovery of Greek and Roman advancements

Italy’s Advantages

Plague hit and left early

Urban centers- center of trade for Crusades etc

Merchants/Medici- patrons of the arts

Close to lost Greek and Roman literature and thinking

City states divided power; no singular leader to take absolute rule

Cosimo de Medici and Sons (wealthy)

Wealthiest European of all time, he won control of Florence's government in 1434

had a medichi bank

italian

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focuses on human potential and achievements

Humanists influenced artists and architects to carry on classical traditions

popularized the study of subjects common to classical education, like history, lit, and philosophy

Secularism

Not religious- focuses on life

Church leaders became more worldly

focuses on world

Renaissance Man/Woman

Men make art, women inspire it

The ideal person was expected to create art and master it- a man. A man. A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a ‘universal man’

some women smarter than others but still were only expected to inspire art

Perspective

used by Russian painters

A way of showing three dimensional shape a flat

intro of oil based plants, developed in flanders, awakes artists to create more realistic forms and details

Michelangelo (artist)

st Peter's basilica, Sistine chapel, statue of David

Donatello (artist)

statue of David

DaVinci (artist)

true renaissance Man

Artist, inventor, thinker, researcher

Made Mona Lisa, and last supper

Raphael (artist)

Marraige of virgin Madonna and child, school of Athens

Francisco Petarch

Father of renaissance humanism

sought out forgotten Latin manuscripts- organized an “encyclopedia”

Niccolo Machiavelli (NOT PRINCE)

Father of modern world

Father of political science

He thought a leader should be setting good

He thought a leader should be setting good examples- support arts, people should fear ruler

He made a book about a prince and how they should rule

Erasmus

Wrote the praise of folly

Desideriud Erasmus of holland

best known of the Christian humanists

believed that improving society was caused by reading the Bible

believed people could interpret the bible themselves

Thomas More

Thomas More of England

friends with Erasmus

wrote book utopia- trying to introduce a better model to society

Christine de Pizan

highly educated for the time and was one of the first women to earth and living as a writer

wrote a book of the city of ladies/

first to question differences between boys and girls

argued for female rights

Shakespear

Most famous writer

Gutenberg

Crafrsmen from Mainz Germany

printed complete Bible names Gutenberg Bible

first full size book printed with movable type

devoloped printing press

Printing Press

Made by gutenberg

provided books on all subjects

able to produce hundreds of copies of a single work

Dante

medival writer

wrote in his native language- not latin- it was Italian- book is divine comedy

wrote in vernacular

we use some of his techniques made still

Vernacular

books can be read by anyone

skepticim

drawn by renaissance humanism

practice of examing everything to check assumptians became part of the scientific method that transforms medicine, physics, and other scientific branches

challenge accepted ways of thinking

Catholic Church Corruption

questioned science

Martin Luther

monk/teacher

all he wanted was to be a good christian and not a leader of religious- revolution

taught scripture at a college

list of complaints on church

indulgences

a pardon

not supposed to affect gods rights to judge

money paid to church which acted as sins paid

95 theses

formal statements

attacking the church

complaints of parting Luther

spread due to printing press

protestant reformation

movement for religious reform

applied to christians who were not roman, Catholic, or eastern

by 900’s, catholic dominated European life 2

diet/edict of worms

martin on trial

it decleared Luther an outlaw and a heretic because what he believed went against the teachings of church

luther was given the food according to verdict

Luther kicked out of church-shunned-ignored

Peace of Augsburg

settled war between German and Catholic protestant states

Charles v went to war against protestant princes

failed to force them back to Catholic church

tired of fighting so they _________

Agreement saying each ruler decide religion for their state

famous religious settlement He

Henry V111

king of England in 1509 (Catholic)

known as defender of faith after fighting against luther

wanted divorce but was denied so he secretly married

had many wives

created church of England

Church of England

only legal church in England

also known as anglican church

John calvin

young law student in France w/ growing beliefs in church doctrine, claridying his religious beliefs

organizes protestant ideas in Switzerland, preaches

Predestination

a belief that God has known since the beginning who will be saved

beliefs before calvinism

catholic reformation/council of Trent

helping Catholics to remain loyal was a movement within the catholic church to reform itself

legacy of the reformation

set stage for modern world

ended Christian untiy of Europe and left it culturally divided

the inquisition

to impose religious uniformity, especially on converted jews and Muslims and later on protestants