ASI 400 KSU Final Exam

process of formation of spermatozoa

spermatogenesis

How long does spermatogenesis take in most mammals?

35-70 days

Cell division of spermatogonia

mitosis-cell replication

cell division of spermatocytes

meiosis-genetically unique

LH stimulates the Leydig cells to do what?

produce testosterone

FSH stimulates sertoli cells to do what?

secrete androgen binding protein

Testosterone creates a negative feedback on what?

GnRH, hypothalamus

components of a male fertility test

mount, copulate/ejaculate, adequate sperm count

what is the best indicator of sperm production?

testicular size and scrotal circumference

Spermatogonia replicate DNA & divide - identical daughter cells results

mitosis

create genetically unique & haploid daughter cells

meiosis

cells change their look, from round spermatids to spermatozoa

differentiation

Epididymis function

sperm maturation and storage

minimum sperm motility to pass a BSE

%30

minimum sperm morphology to pass a BSE

%70

granulosa cells directly around oocyte

CUMULUS CELLS/CORONA RADIATA

o Thick, translucent protein layer surrounding oocyte

zona pellucida

Site of natural sperm deposition: cow, mare, bitch

cranial vagina

Site of natural sperm deposition: sow

cervix

· Process of sperm becoming fully fertile in female reproductive tract

Capacitation

Nucleus of sperm or oocyte after fertilization and before fusion

pronucleus

pairing of homologous chromosomes

fusion

Formation and growth of an embryo

embryogenesis

embryo + placenta (fetal and dam portions)

conceptus

1 cell "embryo"

zygote

2 to 4 cell; 4 to 8 cell

blastomere

16-32 cells

morula

Term for unborn young

fetus

Maternal Recognition: Process of dam "recognizing" (some secretion) presence of embryo to:

Prevent luteolysis, Support CL function

Maternal Recognition: Cow

Bovine interferon tau (bIFN-t)

Maternal Recognition: Human

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Maternal Recognition: Mare

3 proteins/estrogens,

Maternal Recognition: Ewe

Ovine interferon tau (oIFN-t)

Maternal Recognition: Sow

Estradiol from conceptus

Bitch, Queen

require no recognition

Organ of metabolic exchange between fetus & dam

placenta

part of placenta derived from embryo

Chorion

part of placenta derived from dam

endometrium

Placenta type: Villi uniform distribution

diffuse

placenta type: villi attached in a zone

zonary

placenta type: regional disk

discoid

placenta type: distributed button like structures

cotyledonary

placenta type: pig & mare

diffuse

placenta type: dogs and cats

zonary

placenta type: rodents and primates

discoid

placenta type: ruminants

cotyledonary