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Ovum
Female reproductive cell
Sperm
Male reproductive cell
Zygote
Fertilized egg cell
Uterus
Womb
Blastocyst
Hollow sphere made of cells
Embryo
An unborn child in the very early stages of development.
Placenta
A sac of blood vessels; it serves as a kidney, lung, and intestine
Umbilical cord
A bundle of three blood vessels that attches to the placenta.
Fetus
An unborn child from the 9th week after conception
The fastest growing period of a babies life outside the womb
Birth to 18 months
Adolescence
The transitional change from childhood into adulthood
Puberty
The stage of development in which the body becomes physically able to reproduce and marks the beginning of adolescence
Hormones
“simulators”, of the endocrine system.
Endocrinology
The study of the endocrine system —its structure, functions, disorders, and diseases
Pituitary gland
“Master gland”; connects to the hypothalamus and affects the other endocrine glands
Hypothalamus
A part of the brain that controls your body's automatic activities and is largely responsible for the physical effects of your emotions
Somatotropin
Growth hormone; regulates your over all growth rate by simulating the growth of new tissues
Antidiuretic hormone
Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; helps regulate blood pressure and the body's water balance
Thyroid gland
Located on the front of the neck, at the junction of the larynx and trachea; creates hormones that regulate metabolism
Metabolism
The chemical and physical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy
Thyroxine
The principal hormone produced by the thyroid gland; contains iodine
Parathyroid glands
Two on each side of the thyroid; functions with the thyroid gland to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood
Adrenal glands
One on top of each kidney; consist of the adrenal cortex (thick, outer part) and the adrenal medulla (small, inner part)
Epinephrine
Adrenaline; prepares the body for stressful situations wheb strength and endurance are required
Aldosterone
Stimulates the kidneys to conserve the body’s water balance
Cortisol
Stimulates the body to repair itslef following stress, inflammation, or injury
Pancreas
An important organ that lies behind the stomach.
Islets of Langerhans
Small clusters of endocrine gland cells in the pancreas that screte the hormones insulin and glucagon
Insulin
Decreases blood sugar by stimulating body cells to absorb glucose
Glycogen
A type of starch
Glucagon
Stimulates the liver to conevrt glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream
Gonads
Reproductive glands
Testes
Reproductive glands in males
Ovaries
Reproductive glands in females
Estrogen
The main hormones produced by the ovaries
Testosterone
The main hormones produced by the testes
Pineal gland
Regulates the body's waking and sleeping cycles
Melatonin
Hormones that triggers sleep
