Unit 2 CED - AP World

TOPIC 2.1

The Silk Roads

As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they _____, _____, and _____ goods and services.

produce; exchange; consume

Improved _____ practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the _____ range of existing trade routes...

commercial; geographical

...— including the _____ _____—promoting the growth of powerful new trading _____.

Silk Roads; cities

2 examples of trading cities

Kashgar

Samarkand

The growth of _____ trade in _____ goods was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies...

interregional; luxury

...including the _____, forms of _____, and the development of _____ _____.

caravanserai; credit; money economies

3 examples of new forms of credit and money economies

Bills of exchange

Banking houses

Use of paper money

Demand for luxury goods increased in _____.

Afro-Eurasia

_____, _____, and _____ artisans and merchants expanded their production of _____ and _____ for export.

Chinese; Persian; Indian; textiles; porcelains

Manufacture of iron and steel expanded in _____.

China

TOPIC 2.2

The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World

A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state _____, _____, and _____.

formation; expansion; decline

Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative _____, _____, and _____.

institutions; policies; procedures

Governments _____, _____, and _____ power in different ways and for different purposes.

obtain; retain; exercise

_____ collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states, including the Mongol _____.

Empires; khanates

The expansion of empires—including the _____—facilitated _____ trade and communication...

Mongols; Afro-Eurasian

...as new people were drawn into their conquerors' _____ and _____ _____.

economies; trade networks

The development of _____, _____, and _____ illustrates how groups in society view themselves...

ideas; beliefs; religions

and the _____ of societies and their beliefs often have _____, _____, and _____ implications.

interactions; political; social; cultural

_____ contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the Mongols, encouraged significant _____ and _____ transfers.

Interregional; technological; cultural

3 examples of technological and cultural transfers

Transfer of Greco- Islamic medical knowledge to western Europe

Transfer of numbering systems to Europe

Adoption of Uyghur script

TOPIC 2.3

Exchange in the Indian Ocean

Improved _____ technologies and _____ practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the _____ _____, promoting the growth of powerful new trading _____.

transportation; commercial; Indian Ocean; cities

The growth of interregional trade in _____ goods was encouraged by significant innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial _____...

luxury; technologies

...including the use of the _____, the _____, and larger _____ _____

compass; astrolabe; ship designs

The Indian Ocean trading network fostered the growth of _____.

states

3 examples of growth of states

City-states of the Swahili Coast

Gujarat

Sultanate of Malacca

In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up _____ _____ where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the _____ cultures...

diasporic communities; indigenous

...and, in turn, indigenous cultures _____ merchant cultures.

influenced

3 examples of diasporic communities

Arab and Persian communities in East Africa

Chinese merchant communities in Southeast Asia

Malay communities in the Indian Ocean basin

Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant _____ and _____ transfers, including during _____ maritime activity led by Ming Admiral _____ _____.

technological; cultural; Chinese; Zheng He

The _____ shapes human societies...

environment

...and as populations _____ and _____, these populations in turn shape their environments.

grow; change

The expansion and intensification of _____ trade routes often depended on _____ knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the _____ winds.

long-distance; environmental; monsoon

TOPIC 2.4

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

Human adaptation and innovation have resulted in increased _____, _____, and _____, and _____ advances have shaped human development and interactions with both intended and unintended consequences.

efficiency; comfort; security; technological

The growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing _____ technologies.

transportation

2 examples of technologies encouraging interregional trade

Camel saddle

Caravans

Improved transportation technologies and _____ practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the _____ range of existing trade routes, including the _____ trade network.

commercial; geographical; trans-Saharan

The expansion of empires—including _____ in _____ Africa-facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the _____ and _____ _____.

Mali; West; economies; trade networks

TOPIC 2.5

Cultural Consequences of Connectivity

Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of _____, _____, and _____ traditions, as well as _____ and _____ innovations.

literary; artistic; cultural; scientific; technological

3 examples of diffusion of cultural traditions

The influence of Buddhism in East Asia

The spread of Hinduism and Buddhism into Southeast Asia

The spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

2 examples of diffusion of scientific or technological innovations

Gunpowder from China

Paper from China

The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant _____ and periods of increased _____, buoyed by rising _____ and expanding _____ _____.

decline; urbanization; productivity; trade networks

As exchange networks intensified, an increasing number of _____ within Afro-Eurasia wrote about their _____.

travelers; travels

3 examples of travelers

Ibn Battuta

Margery Kempe

Marco Polo

TOPIC 2.6

Environmental Consequences of Connectivity

There was continued diffusion of _____ and _____, with _____ diseases, including the _____ _____, along trade routes.

crops; pathogens; epidemic; bubonic plague

3 examples of diffusion of crops

Bananas in Africa

New rice varieties in East Asia

Spread of citrus in the Mediterranean

TOPIC 2.7

Comparison of Economic Exchange

A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to _____, _____, and _____ diffusion within and between various societies.

cultural; technological; biological

Improved commercial practices led to an increased _____ of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes—including the Silk Roads—promoting the growth of powerful new _____ _____.

volume; trading cities

The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including what 3 things?

the caravanserai, forms of credit, and the development of money economies.

Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing _____ _____, with important implications for _____ and _____ structures and _____ processes.

productive capacity; social; gender; environmental

Demand for luxury goods increased in _____. Chinese, Persian, and Indian _____ and _____ expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for _____; manufacture of _____ and _____ expanded in China.

Afro-Eurasia; artisans; merchants; export; iron; steel