Pharm II - Module 3

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68 Terms

1
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List the types of Syrups Studied in Class ( Hint: 4)

  1. Syrups USP

  2. Senna Syrup

  3. Sorbitol

  4. Tolu Balsam

2
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Name some excipient categories you can to a syrup to increase stabilization

Buffers and Antioxidants

3
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In Syrups the parent or salt of a drug is preferred?

Salt

4
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What is the pH of Syrup?

7

5
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What are the main ingredients and percentages if syrup, USP?

85% Sucrose (sugar), Q.s Water

6
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Is a preservative needed for Syrup, USP?

no

7
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What solvents can we add to syrups to increase the Solubilty of the parent drug

Glycerin, PG, PEG, & Sorbitol

8
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What kind of solubizing agent would you use for syrup USP?

Polysorbate 80

9
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Which excipients will help thicken a syrup?

Any Cellullose or PVP

10
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Why is Syrup, USP undersaturated?

Syrup, USP has an excess amount of water ( ~3ml) needed to dissolve the 85%w/v sucrose. This is done intentionally because if the temperature falls below RT, the excess water prevents the sucrose for precipitating. If the formula were saturated, as the temperature changes, ppt would occur more likely, and mess up the concentration

11
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What is Syrup, NF Stable against?

  1. Crystallization (ppt)

  2. Microbial Growth

12
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T/F Syrup is hyperosmotic

T

13
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T/F Syrup is Hypertonic

T

14
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List some sugar-substitute to use when compounding syrups. Which of these sugar-substitutes are not naturally sweet?

Glycerin

Sorbitol

Propylene Glycol - Not Sweet

15
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List non-sugar sweeteners ( Hint: 4)

  1. Aspartame

  2. Ace-K

  3. Acesulfame Potassium

  4. Stevioside

16
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List some non-glucogenic sugar substitutes to use when compounding syrups.

  1. Methylcellulose

  2. Hydroxy ethyl Cellusose

17
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What kind of sugar alternative should you use for diabetic patient ? List them

  1. Methylcellulose

  2. Hydroxy ethyl Cellusose

Non- Glucogenic Sugar Substitutes

18
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Which characteristic helps syrups taste better that does not involve the taste of the syrup?

The Viscosity

19
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Sorbitol is the only “ sister “ that …..

Contains Water

20
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Is the preservative applicable for sorbitol syrups? Why or Why not? Benzoic Acid

No, it’s acidic, the preservative needs to be neutral

21
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Is the preservative applicable for sorbitol syrups? Why or Why not? Sorbic Acid

Yes, it has a neutral pH

22
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Is the preservative applicable for sorbitol syrups? Why or Why not? Parabens

Yes, it has neutral pH

23
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Is the preservative applicable for sorbitol syrups? Why or Why not? Potassium Sorbate

No, it’s acidic, the preservative needs to be neutral

24
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Are water-soluble or oil-soluble flavors preferred in syrup compounding?

Water-soluble

25
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Fill for each product

Name: Sorbitol Syrup

Therapy:

Solution Type:

Ingredients:

Name: Sorbitol Syrup

Therapy: Vehicle

Solution Type: Solution

Ingredients: Sorbitol, Water , Preservative

26
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Name: Senna Syrup

Therapy:

Solution Type:

Ingredients:

Name: Senna Syrup

Therapy: Laxative

Solution Type: Syrup

Ingredients: Sucrose, Senna fluid extract, water, cilantro( coriander)

27
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What is the active ingredient in senna syrup?

Sennoside

28
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What is coriander used for in senna syrup?

Adds Flavor and Helps Moderate griping (cramping) & pain from the abdominal region

29
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Name: Tolu Balsam Syrup

Therapy:

Solution Type:

Main Ingredients:

Name: Tolu Balsam Syrup

Therapy: Expectorant

Solution Type: Syrup

Main Ingredients: Sucrose, Tolu Balsam Tincture, water, MgCO3

30
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T/F Senna Syrup needs a preservative

F

31
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Does Tolu Balsam Syrup need a preservative?

NO

32
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Define Expectorant

Drug that loosens phlegm and produces productive coughs

33
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What is the purpose of Magnesium Carbonate in Tolu Balsam Syrup?

MgCO3 dissolves the acidic tolu balsam resin, creating a salt, and prevents crystallizationTo during dilution

34
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T/F Tolu Balsam is a plant resin

T

35
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Compared to syrups under 85% sucrose, how much of a solvent within a syrup is needed to omit the addition of a preservative

  • 10% Alcohol v/v

  • 50% Glycerin

    Or

  • 18% Polyethylene Glycol v/v

These are all the minimum amount needed

36
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Which has a higher syrup concentration, Syrup or Elixir?

Syrup

37
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Which require water, Syrup or Elixir?

Both

38
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Which has a higher alcohol concetration, Syrup or Elixir?

Elixir

39
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Which sometimes needs a preservative, Syrup or Elixir?

Syrup

40
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Which NEVER needs a preservative, Syrup or Elixir?

Elixir

41
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Which is more viscous, Syrup or Elixir?

Syrup

42
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Which has a higher solubility for the Parent of the Drug, Syrup or Elixir?

Elixir

43
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Which has a higher solubility for the Salt of a Drug, Syrup or Elixir?

Syrup

44
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Which is more stable, and therefore less susceptible to the crystallization of a parent, Syrup or Elixir?

Elixir

45
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Which is more sweet, Syrup or Elixir?

Syrup

46
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What are Elixirs made of ?

Alcohol and water

47
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Can Polysorbate 80 be used in elixirs? Why or Why not?

Yes, O/W surfactants are applicable

48
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What is the purpose of COSOLVENTS in Elixirs, list some examples

COSOLVENTS help dissolve the parent drug.

Ex. Glycerin & Polyethene glycol

49
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List some sweeteners you can add to elixirs ( Hint: 3 & all start with “S”)

Sorbitol

Sucrose

Saccharin

50
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T/F Every drug has a different minimum of alcohol needed to dissolve, just like any other solvent

T

51
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Name: Theophylline Elixir

Therapy:

Solution Type

Main Ingredients:

Name: Theophylline Elixir

Therapy: Asthma

Solution Type: Elixir

Main Ingredients:Alcohol, Theophylline, Water, Flavors, Sweetners

52
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Name: Phenobarbital Elixir

Therapy:

Solution Type:

Main Ingredients:

Name: Phenobarbital Elixir

Therapy: Sedative, Hypnotic, Antiepileptic/Antisiezure

Solution Type: Elixir

Main Ingredients: Alcohol,Phenobarbital, Glycerin, Flavors, Sweetners

53
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Name: Digoxin Elixir

Therapy:

Solution Type:

Main Ingredients:

Name: Digoxin Elixir

Therapy: Cardiotonic Glycoside

Solution Type: Elixir

Main Ingredients: Alcohol, Pure Digoxin

54
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Define Hypnotic

Puts you to sleep

55
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Define Sedative

Calms you down

56
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T/F The four sisters are water AND alcohol miscible

T

57
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What are the 5 advantaged of an elixir?

  1. The dosing is flexible and can be customized based on the patient - Flexibility

  2. Dissolves the parent drug better than syrups- Solubility

  3. Ease of Dosage

  4. Stability

  5. Oral Drug absorption is the fastest for systemic- Drug Absorption `

58
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What are the Disadvantages of Elixirs?

Inebriation and therefore can be abused

59
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T/ F Unlike syrups, elixirs allow for dose adjustment

T

60
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Is suspension allowed for Digoxin ? Why or Why not?

No, the TI is very narrow and suspensions are not distributed equally in terms of drug concentration

61
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Can you add alcohol to an aqueous solution?

NO

62
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Why is it better to add aqueous solution to alcohol instead of the other way around?

Adding aqueous to alcohol at no point during the mixing process does the alcohol concentration drop below 20%, this avoids any drug precipitation. If any excipients precipitate out, we can filter them out.

63
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Define Cardiotonic Glycoside

Helps treat heart failure

64
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T/F Digoxin Elixirs cannot be administer to children

F; they can via calibrated droppers

65
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T/F Digoxin is a potent drug and has a low TI

T

66
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T/F Digoxin Elixirs are administers for children ONLY in the form of calibrated droppers.

T

67
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What’s the purpose of Glycerin in Phenobarbital Elixir?

Cosolvent

68
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What’s the percentage of alcohol in spirits?

60%