Anatomy Exam2

5 parts of a nephron

Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Distal Convoluted Tubule, Renal Corpuscle, Loop of Henle, Collecting Duct

digestion pathway

oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, stomach, cardia, body, pylorus, small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal junction, large intestine, cecum, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Renal Areas

Renal Cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Sinus

blood pathway of kidneys

abdominal aorta, renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, venules, cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, segmental vein, renal vein, inferior vena cava

urine pathway

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

parts of the male urethra

preprostatic, prostatic, membranous, spongy

adrenal gland

cap of kidney

parts of adrenal gland

cortex (outer area) and medulla (inner area)

layers of the cortex

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticulata

inside of inguinal canal

male: spermatic cord female: round ligament of uterus

structures in spermatic cord

vas deferens (ductus deferens), testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, cremaster muscle

sperm pathway

seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis (head, body, tail), vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

ductus arteriosus

ligamentum arteriosum

foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

glenohumeral (shoulder)

humerus and scapula

glenohumeral bony landmarks

humeral head and glenoid fossa

scapulothoracic joint

scapula and ribcage

scapulothoracic bony landmarks

scapula fossa and posterior ribs

acromioclavicular joint

scapula and clavicle

acromioclavicular join bony landmarks

acromion process and acromial end of clavicle

sternoclavicular joint

clavicle and sternum

sternoclavicular joint bony landmarks

sternal end of clavicle and manubrium

shoulder ligaments

ligaments of the shoulder

coracoacromial, acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, coracohumeral

bursa

fluid filled sac where tendons rub against

rotator cuff mucle

subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus

primary action of rotator cuff muscles

stabilize humerus to glenohumeral joint

subscapularis

origin: subscapular fossa insertion: lesser tubercle

subscapularis action

shoulder internal rotation

infraspinatus

origin: infraspinous fossa insertion: greater tubercle

infraspinatus action

shoulder external rotation

teres minor

origin: lateral border of scapula insertion: Greater tubercle

teres minor action

shoulder external rotation

teres minor innervation

axillary nerve C5-C6

supraspinatus

origin: supraspinous fossa insertion: greater tubercle

supraspinatus action

first 30 degrees of shoulder abduction

most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle

supraspinatus

shoulder impingment

rubbing or pressure caused by adjacent structures

trapezius

descending (upper), transverse (middle), ascending (lower)

upper (descending) trapezius action

elevation and upward rotation

trapezius innervation

spinal accessory nerve

middle (transverse) trapezius

origin: C7-T12 insertion: acromion/spine of scapula

middle (transverse) trapezius action

scapular retraction

lower (ascending) trapezius action

depression and upward rotation

latissimus dorsi actions

shoulder adduction, shoulder extension, shoulder internal rotation

teres major action

the same as latissimus dorsi

latissimus dorsi innervation

thoracodorsal nerve

levator scapulae

origin: transverse process C1-C4 insertion: medial border of scapula/superior angle

levator scapulae action

elevates scapula and downward rotation

rhomboids

origin: spinous process C7-T5 insertion: medial border

rhomboids action

scapular retraction and downward rotation

strengthens rhomboids

middle trapezius

deltoid sections

anterior (front or clavicular), middle (lateral or medial or transverse or acromial), posterior ( rear or spinal)

deltiod innervation

axillary C5-C6

deltoid

origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula insertion: deltoid tuberosity

anterior deltoid action

shoulder flexion and internal rotation

middle deltoid action

shoulder abduction

posterior deltoid action

shoulder extension and external rotation

posterior deltoid

medial deltoid

anterior deltoid

pectoralis major sections

upper (clavicular), middle (sternocostal), lower (abdominal)

pectoralis major action

shoulder adduction/horizontal adduction and internal rotation

pectoralis minor

origin: ribs 3-5 insertion: coracoid process

pectoralis minor action

stabilize scapula and inspiration

mammary glands

glands that produce breast milk

lactiferous ducts

tubes that take breast milk from mammary glands to nipple

areola

pigmented skin surrounding the nipple

nipple

small projection where lactiferous ducts terminate and breast milk can be secreted

serratus anterior

origin ribs 1-8 insertion: anterior surface of medial border

serratus anterior actions

primary: stabilize scapula to ribcage secondary: protraction of scapula and upward rotation

serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

upward rotation of scapula

upper trapezius, lower trapezius, seratus anterior

downward rotation of scapula

rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor

dislocation

two bones no longer articulating

subluxation

two bones partially articulate

separation

term for when AC and CC ligaments are torn

kidney

regulates blood pressure, regulates ionic balance, regulates water content of blood, eliminates metabolic waste

filtrate

fluid from PCT to DCT

urine

fluid starting in collecting duct

ladder is composed of

detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter

parts of bladder

apex, fundus, body, neck

things that have a fundus

uterus, fundus, bladder, gallbladder

leydig cells

produce testosterone

cavernous tissue

corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

parts of uterine tube

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

egg pathway

primordial follicles, primary follicle, secondary follicle, graafian follicle, oocyte, corpus luteum or corpus albicans

parts if uterus

fundus, body, cervix

layers of the uterus (deep to superficial)

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

order of female anatomy

mons pubis, urethra, vagina, anus

ovary ligaments

ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament, broad ligament

ovary ligaments