CPSC150- Final Exam Review

Integer (int)

whole numbers 5, 2, -20

float(float)

decimal numbers, 2.0, 3.7

String (str)

text in quotes "Hello World", "CPSC150"

Containers

set, list, dictionary, tuple

Strings

a collection of letters/characters

Immutable

you cannot change a character in a string. Any function returns a new string (.upper(), .lower())

Concatenation

adding strings together

Length

gives how many characters are in a string

String Formatting

use f"{var_name}"

Lists

-an ordered collection of items that can be edited (mutable)

- created using square brackets []

- accessed based on the index of the element

- index starts at 0

.append(item)

adds to end of list

.remove(item)

removes this item

Dictionary

- a collection of key - value pairs

- created using curly braces

- my_dict = { key : value }

Adding to a Dictionary

my_dict[key] = value

Accessing a Dictionary

my_dict[key] -> value

Tuples

- collection of ordered items that are immutable

- created using parentheses ()

- Accessed based on the index of the element

- Use Square Brackets to Access

Sets

- Mutable, Unordered collection of unique elements

- created using curly braces {}

Scope

- Passing a primitive (int, string, character) to a function does not change the original USE RETURN

- Passing a list to a function does not update the original list

User Input

- Use input() function

- Make sure you convert the correct type

Booleans

statements that evaluate to be True or False

If-else statements

-If Statements only execute if the statement is true

- Elif (Else-If) executes if the previous if statement is not true and it is true

- else executes only if everything above it has not

Functions

always start with the def notation and then any params in ()

- the parameter names are what is used in the function, these do not necessarily have to be the variable names outside of the function

- A variable that is defined inside the function is a local variable. If you want to use it outside then need to use return

Print

this only prints the variable/output to the console

Return

this returns the variable to where the function was called so that you can use it

Default parameters

assigned if no parameters are given

For Loop

used when you know how many iterations you want to go through

2 main types of for loops

using range an iterating through the sequence

While Loop

used when you are unsure how long you want the loop to run for

Nested Loops

-for every iteration of the outer loop the inner loop fully runs

-can be good for iterating through 2D lists

break

fully exists out of the loop

continue

exists the current iteration, but continues the loop

Files

- make sure to use with open() so that you don't have to worry about closing the file

- 'r' to read, 'w' to write, 'a' to append