Work, Energy, and Chemical Reactions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to work, energy, chemical reactions, and pH.

Work

The application of force over a distance, measured in Joules.

Kinetic Energy (KE)

The energy of an object in motion.

Potential Energy (PE)

Stored energy in an object due to its position or state, such as gravitational potential energy.

Conservation of Energy

The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Acidic Solution

A solution with a low pH, characterized by a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

Neutral Solution

A solution with a pH of 7, having equal concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

Basic Solution

A solution with a high pH, characterized by a low concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

Chemical Reaction

A process in which reactants are transformed into products through breaking and forming chemical bonds.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The principle stating that the mass of reactants must equal the mass of products in a chemical reaction.

Types of Energy 

thermal energy and mechanical energy 

what is energy measured on

joules (kgm²/s²)

three types of thermal energy transfer

conduction, convection and radiation

Conduction 

direct contact; e.g. sunlight hitting the ground surface 

Convection

thermal energy transfer in fluids or gases

Radiation

thermal energy transfer to empty space

work formula 

W=FxD. (work=force) 

Potential energy formula

p.e.= mgh (mass x gravitational force x height)

Kinetic Energy formula

K.E= 1/2mv² (v= velocity)

Mechanical wave types 

transverse waves and longitudinal waves 

Transverse Wave

particles move perpendicular to the flow of energy 

shorter wavelength higher the amplitude

lower the frequency higher the wave length

Longitudinal Waves

particles move parallel to the flow of energy 

many trough = lose waves 

many crest= tight waves 

frequency of wave formula 

frequency= n/t (# of waves/time) 

speed of the wave formula

speed of the wave= wavelength x frequency

Physical property

properties that can be exhibited with out changing properties

Chemical property

any change in identity of new substance

Density (P)

a physical property where how much mass a substance has for space it occupies 

Density formula 

D=M/V (density= mass/volume) 

pH (C) 

a chemical property where it describes basicality and acidity of fluid

(← 7 → lower acidic higher basic)

If object only have mechanical energy, and the object is going upward..

Kinetic Energy is present from the start and potential energy would be up at the air

If object only have mechanical energy, and the object is going downward..

Potential Energy is converted (starting point) to Kinetic energy (present when hit ground)