Wireless technologies, Mobile computing- Internet of things

Chapter 8

3 advantages of wireless technologies

1. They are small enough to easily carry or wear.

2. They have sufficient computing power to perform productive tasks.

3. They can communicate wirelessly with the internet and other devices.

3 types of major wireless media

microwave, satellite, and radio

range of wireless transmission technologies

smartphones - transmission media (microwave, satellite, and radio)

why do individuals find wireless devices convenient/productive

productive use of time that was formerly wasted and can take these devices with them

what is dematerialization

occurs when the functions of many physical devices are included in one physical device (ex. smartphone)

wireless media

transmit signals without wires

advantages of microwave channel

• High bandwidth

• Relatively inexpensive

disadvantages of microwaves

• Must have unobstructed line of sight

• Susceptible to environmental interference

advantages of satellite

High bandwidth

Large coverage area

disadvantages of satellite

• Expensive

• Must have unobstructed line of sight

• Signals experience propagation delay

• Must use encryption for security

advantages of radio

• High bandwidth

• Signals pass through walls

• Inexpensive and easy to install

disadvantages of radio

• Creates electrical interference problems

• Susceptible to snooping unless encrypted

Three Basic Types of Telecommunications Satellites

LEO, MEO, GEO

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) saletlite reach

400-600miles

Medium-earth orbit (MEO) saletlite reach

approx. 6000 miles

Geostationary-earth-orbit (GEO) satellite reach

22,300 miles

characteristics of GEO satellite

• Satellites stationary relative to point on Earth

• Few satellites needed for global coverage

• Transmission delay (approximately 0.25 second)

• Most expensive to build and launch

• Longest orbital life (many years)

characteristics of MEO satellite

• Satellites move relative to point on Earth

• Moderate number needed for global coverage

• Require medium-powered transmitters

• Negligible transmission delayLess expensive to build and launch

• Moderate orbital life (6 to 12 years)

characteristics of LEO satellite

• Satellites move rapidly relative to point on Earth

• Large number needed for global coverage

• Require only low-power transmitters

• Negligible transmission delay

• Least expensive to build and launch

• Shortest orbital life (as low as 5 years)

Global psitioning systems (GPS)

wireless system that uses satellites to enable users to determine their position anywhere on Earth

what type of satellites are GPSs supported by

MEO satellite, that are shared world wide

How are GPS satellites extremely accurate?

The exact position of each satellite is always known because the satellite continuously broadcasts its position along with a time signal.

four international GPS systems

the U.S.A.’s GPS,

Russia’s GLONASS,

China’s BeiDou, and the

European Union’s Galileo.

Internet over Satellite (IoS)

A way to access the Internet without cable

Commercial imaging

images from orbits

mobile computing

A real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the internet or an intranet.

radio transmission

wave frequencies to send data directly between transmitters and receivers

2 differentiating characteristics of mobile computing

• mobility

• reach

Mobility meaning (in the context of mobile computing)

users carry a device with them and can initiate a real-time contact with other systems from wherever they happen to be.

Broad reach

when users carry an open mobile device, they can be reached instantly, even across great distances.

five value added attributes of mobile computing

ubiquity, convenience, instant connectivity, personalization, and localization of products and services

ubiquity

can be used anywhere

mobile commerce

electronic commerce (EC) transactions that are conducted in a wireless environment, especially on the internet.

example of mobile commerce applications

financial services, location based apps, mobile advertising

Internet of things (IOT)

A system in which any object has a unique identity and can send/receive data without human intervention.

types of IoT

• Consumer IoT

• Commercial IOot

• Military Things (IoMT)

• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

• Infrastructure IoT

IoT can also be refer to as:

• Internet of Everything

• Industrial Internet

• Internet of Anything

IoT is a large generator of ___ because it generates huge amounts of data

analytics

Industrial IoT

the use of IoT in a business setting

challenges of IoT

• Security: vulnerable devices, hacking

• Privacy: massive data collection

• Technical Reliability: device failures, poor connectivity

• Data Compatibility: different standards

two biggest risks of IoT

privacy and security

why might hackers target IoT devices?

their inherent lack of security makes them easy to compromise and incorporate into botnets

wireless sensor

an autonomous device that monitors its own condition as well as physical and environmental conditions around it, such as temperature, sound, pressure, vibration, and movement

Wireless sensors contain

processing, storage, and radio-frequency antennas for sending and receiving messages

IoT is strengthened/reinforced by

5G, cloud computing, AI, and data analytics.

smart devices are equipped with

sensors and actuators

sensors

small device that can collect data from it’s surroundings, external interaction, data transmission capability, IP address associated

actuators

• a control device (on off switch)

• 2 outputs

• user interface