Psychology 4B

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31 Terms

1
Psychodynamic theory of personality
Idea that unconscious processes shape personality. Childhood and social conflict play a large role.
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2
Ego
part of one's personality that compromises between unconscious and conscious desires to shape personal identity and behavior
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3
Defense mechanisms
ways in which the ego protects the conscious mind from threatening thoughts from the unconscious
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4
Repression
pushing thoughts out of conscious awareness
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5
Denial
not accepting the truth
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6
Displacement
redirecting feeling toward another person/object that is less threatening
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7
Projection
believing your opinions and tendencies are held by other people rather than by you
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8
Reaction formation
expressing the opposite of how one truly feels
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9
Regression
return to a more childish, comforting form of behavior
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10
Rationalization
justifying or making excuses for an undesirable event or behavior
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11
Sublimation
channeling frustration toward a different, more socially acceptable goal
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12
Projective Tests
personality tests given to reveal a person's unconscious desires. Problem: they are very subjective
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13
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
people are given a picture of an ambiguous scene and asked to say what is happening in the picture
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14
Rorschach inkblot test
people are given a picture of a blob of ink (abstract shape) and asked to say everything they see in it
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15
Humanistic theory of personality
our personalities are shaped by our innate goodness and desire to grow and thrive
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16

Self actualization

people are motivated to grown and reach their full potential

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17
Unconditional positive regard
When we are around people we trust to love us unconditionally, we can be our true selves
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18

Social Cognitive theory of personality

personality is determined by the environment and your patterns of thought

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19
Reciprocal determinism
interaction between thoughts/feelings (cognitions), environment, and behavior
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20

Self concept

 your ideas about who you are as a person

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21

Self efficacy

your belief about your own ability to achieve in a specific situation

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22

Self esteem

 your feelings of self-worth; how you feel about yourself

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23
Trait theory of personality
Personality is made up of characteristics that are consistent throughout life and in all different situations. Criticism: Underestimate the influence of situation/environment on behavior
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24
Personality inventory
a test designed to measure an individual's level of a specific personality trait or set of traits, prone to self
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25
factor analysis
a statistical technique used in personality inventories, some intelligence tests, and some diagnostic tests to combine information from all questions on a particular topic or trait
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26
Big 5 Personality Traits (OCEAN)

OCEAN

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27

Openness

imaginative, creative, open minded

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28

Conscientiousness

organized, reliable, dependable

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29

Extraversion

out going, sociable, assertive (strong/confident personality)

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30

Agreeableness

kind, cooperative, compassionate

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31

Neuroticism

emotional stability, low score indicates more calm, high score is more reactive

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