3. norman england

what is the order of heirarchy in the feudal system

king - tenants in chief - knights - peasants

what did the king give to the tenants ion chief

he gave them land to ‘hold’

what did TIC give to vassals/knights

they gave enough land for the knights to earn money to pay for their horses and weapons

what did knights give to peasants

they have land for the villagers to grow food

what did peasants owe to knights

2-3 days per week of labour service as farmworkers

what did knights owe to TIC

knight service for their lord

what did the TIC owe to the king

• homage

• 40 days worth of knights to fight

what is homage

public demonstrations of loyalty

what is forfieture

punishment for breaking relationship

what is a fief

land held by vassals (knights)

what is relief

payment to king to be allowed to inherit land

what is barony

lands held by a baron from a king

how did the earl system differ in a-s compared to norman

a-s had 6 ish earls. normans had many more

how many knights in norman england

4,000-5,000

what were the key roles of TIC

social - distributed land

military - must bring knights for 40 days

political 0- served on the royal council

what was the role of church in norman england

support in battle - 25% of land

evidence that william was religous

backing of pope in hastings

what is the acronym for remember the 4 things wrong with the church

six nuns pray much

name and explain the 4 things wrong with the church

simony - selling church positions

nepotism - getting position due to family roles

pluralism - holding several posts

marriage - they should be celibate

what were some of lanfrancs reforms

• arch-b-of-c more important than arch-b-of-york

• all bishops must be trusted supporters of william

• limited popes authority as lanfranc didnt support his reforks

• more monastrys and nunnerys

how did normalisation of church increase Williams power

• bishops and archdeacons were all trusted Normans - william could influence messages spread +25% of land in england run by church was now effectively run by normans which decreases rebellion likelihood

• bishops did homage - increased loyalty and ensures priests are following williams orders

• king appointed new bishops - ensured they were all trusted + no more nepotism

• william controlled communication between church leaders and pope - centralised power

key changes to previous a-s society now that normans had control

• military - castles dominates towns and strategic locations

• religion - lanfrancs reforms centralised the control of church + churches and cathedrals rebuilt

• social control - new feudal system gave king more power and made people more dependent on their lords

• political - anglo-saxons were removed from almost all positions of influence. only those with exceptional loyalty stayed

key similarities between a-s society and Norman society

• farming life - went on as usual however normans landlords sometimes stricter

• government - same processes of government occurred by anglos were replaced with normans

• geld tax - william continued the tradition as it was a major source of revenue for monarch

• towns - kept trading rights and privileges

how did william chnage government to centralise power

• made earldoms smaller - reduced land meant reduced power\

• increased power of sheriffs who reported directly to monarch

• monarch owned all church land

• monarch land - william kept much more land which meat less power for earls. he kept this land often as forest land for hunting

• domesday book - guide to know what TIC were worth and what the monarch could expect to earn from them

• feudal system - everyone who held kings land ultimately depended on the king so wouldn’t rebel

how did normans make changes to enhance the power of the king

• centralisation of power - all big decisions made around him. lots of castles and land = threatening. dominating king decreased invasions

• sherif - all trusted normans. increased spread of william’s rules and enhanced loyalty

• forests - area of land for hunting. if found in land = fine. provided room for knights to fight

• domesday book - shows normans going round checking for poeple following rules. also provides info on how much people can be taxed

• the aristocracy - the most powerful and wealthy people. all chosen by william. boys learnt to ride young which increased power in battle

what was the demesne

land kept by king

what is a raegent

leader when king is not present

when was domesday book ordered

December 1085

how many names were recorded in domesday book

13400

how did norman aristocracy aim to demonstrate superiority over english

spoke french. build cathedrals

what was chivalry

knights code of conduct

who acted as william raegent when he was ion normandy

bishop odo

what relation did odo have to william

half brother

what sort of boship was odo

a warrior bishop

timeline of odo - what happened in 1050

he was appointed bishop of bayeux by william

timeline of odo - what happened in 1066

he helped william invade at hastings. provided 100 ships

timeline of odo - what happened in 1067

played a leading part in governing england. he held kent - land worth £3,000 (multi millionare)

timeline of odo - what happened in 1075

lead kings ramy to defend earl of norfolk and end revolt of earls

timeline of odo - what happened in 1082

he planned military expedition to italy, he hoped to become pope and planned to use force to get others to support him - he was then imprisoned by william as he wouldnt stop plan

timeline of odo - what happened in 1087

he was released from prizon by dying william. he rebeled against new king

timeline of odo - what happened in 1097

he dies

how was odo significant in norman conquest

• militarily significant - 100ships, regent, devastated northumbria

• politicaly powerfull - he had kent

info to suggest he wasnt significant

• many things he did were overruled by william sugesting he didnt have much power - trip to italy, he was imprisoned

• william was so capable that he didnt need him

2 features of william character

• religious - had backing of pope and supported lanfrancs reforms

• he loved hunting - newforest hunting land

who were williams 3 sons

robert, william rufus, henry

why did william and rubert not get on

he was refered to as ‘curthose’ by william which was a nickname he disliked

who was william favourite son

william rufus

when was roberts revolt in normandy

1077-1080

what was Robert heir to

normandy

what triggered the revolt of robert

his two brother decided to urinate on Robert from a gallery. he then went up and a fight started - william was called to resolve the fight

how did the revolt begin

robert and many knights attempted to take control of williams castle at rouen. they failed

what was roberts next move after the castle attack failed and how did this increase the revolt

he carried out raids in normandy. william retaliated by marching his army to fight him. robert wounded william. william then found out that matilda had been sending money to robert to stop him from fighting. this angered him. william then decided to battle again and they faught at gerberoi. william was defeated

how did the revolt of robert decrease

easter 1080 william made peace with robert - this happened due to pressure from nobles. in the end he built a new castle called ‘newcastle’

when did william die

1087

how did william die

he was fighting at war against normandy when his horse reared up and the iron pommel went into his stomach

how had willaim divided up his land in his will

robert got normandy and rufus got king of england

why did williams dividing of land cause controversy

his land was split however many barons had land in both normandy and england. due to the feudal system if they were required to swear oaths to both brothers and they then ended up going into battle the barons wouldnt know who to support

when did robert and odo rebel against rufus

1088

what made Rufus aware that the revolt against him was about to occur

he went to annual easter court in eastern 1088 however many nobles stayed away from this which made him suspect something was going to happen.

stages of robert and odos rebelion

• outbreaks fo rebelion occured across south which was a big threat. rufus then went trait to rochester castle where odo was. rufuf was agressive and he managed to capture the castle and odo.

• rufus then didnt know what to do next - nobles wanted peaceful settlement as harsh punishment might lead to more rebellion

• they ended it on a peaceful note

• odo was exiled from england for life and lived in normandy before dying on the way to the crusade

reasons why there was a disputed succession to the thrown when william dies

• relationships between members of william’s family

  • robert oldest but fights with father - childhood nickname

  • rufus middle but afv child

• how kingdoms were inherited usulay, how william split them up and the fear of nobles caused by this

  • primogeniture norm

  • chose rufus as king and robert as normandy

  • nobles didnt know who to support as must swear oaths to both - split loyalty

• odos ambitions

  • harsh ruler in kent

  • frustrated william - he put him in prison

  • disputed relationship with king and not popular