Exam 5 Practice Questions

Which **ONE** of the following best describes the relative speed of the onset for the effects of the endocrine system relative to that of the nervous system?

endocrine effects occur more slowly than nervous effects

The flight or flight response is initiated by the release of which of the following hormones

A and B

All of the following are hormone like substances that have autocrine or paracrine actions except:

leptin

Mineralocorticoids are produced by which ONE of the following layers of the suprarenal gland?

zona glomerulosa

Which ONE of the following hormones suppresses appetite?

leptin

All of the the following are actions produced by Parathyroid hormone?

Promotes synthesis of calcitrol, slows the rate of Ca2+ and Mg2+ loss in the urine, increases loss of HPO42- in the urine

The function of the Zona reticularis is which of the following?

secrete weak androgens

Which factors will cause secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Both of the above (Decrease in blood levels of T3 and T4. Drop in BMR)

Which cells are responsible for the production of testosterone?

Leydig cells

A hormone that is permissive that acts as a secondary hormone promoting the effect of a primary hormone is best described as?

Secondary hormone

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary?

oxytocin

Sex hormones are synthesized and secreted in the

ovaries and testes

An androgen is a(n)

male sex hormone

The posterior pituitary is controlled by

nerve impulses

The target tissues for oxytocin are the

uterus and breasts

What is the name of the female sex hormone responsible for the development of **secondary** sexual characteristics?

estrogen

Which of the following **cell types** are found in the ovary?

corpus luteum, primary oocyte, thecal cells, granulosa cells

The increased **blood pressure** associated with stress is thought to be caused by the endocrine response involving which **ONE** of the following organs?

kidneys

Which of the following hormones are involved in the **stress** response?

epinephrine, corticotropin-releasing hormone, cortisol

The blood levels of which of the following ions are regulated by the action of **parathyroid hormone**?

phosphate, calcium, magnesium

Which of the following best **describe** endocrine glands?

ductless, composed of follicles, produce hormones

A hormone from the adrenal cortex that helps regulate sodium and potassium balance

aldosterone

The hormone secreted by the islets of the pancreas that lowers blood sugar

testosterone

A hormone from the islets of the pancreas that raises blood sugar

glucagon

The gland active in immunity is the

thymus

What is the correct anatomical location of the thyroid gland?

 Anterior to the trachea at level C7-T1

Insulin lowers blood glucose by which of the following mechanisms?

Gluconeogenolysis, lipogenesis, glycogenolysis

The seven hormones secreted from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are integral to all of the following EXCEPT?

None of the above

The major stimulus responsible for the release of insulin is which of the following?

Rising blood sugar

Which of the following is NOT found in the islets of Langerhans?

theta cells

Which of the following are major hormones involved in mediating the stress response?

epinephrine

LH and FSH are both released from which ONE of the following?

anterior pituitary gland

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland?

calcitrol

Which **ONE** of the following is synthesized in the skin from an inactive precursor in response to ultraviolet light?

cholecalciferol

Which of the following hormones are **soluble** in water?

epinephrine, insulin, antidiuretic hormone, testosterone, oxytocin

Put the following hormones in the correct **sequence** of secretion:

corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol

TSH

Thyroid gland

**PRL**

Mammary glands

hGH

bones and muscles

LH

ovaries and testes

MSH

skin and brain

The infundibulum is the

stalk of the pituitary

The hormone produced by the pineal gland

melatonin

The self-regulating mechanism that controls hormone production

negative feedback

The specific cells on which a hormone works

target tissue

The principle hormone synthesized and secreted by thyroid follicular cells.

thyroxine

The inner part of the adrenal gland

medulla

Another name for the adrenal gland

suprarenal

The endocrine gland that is divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe

pituitary

The hormone produced by the thyroid gland that is active in calcium metabolism

calcitonin

Another name for the pituitary gland is

hypophysis

Which of the following is not a function of the Thyroxine (T4)

All of the above

The function of the Zona fasciculata is which of the following?

secrete glucocorticorid hormones

What is the overall function of the sertoli cells?

All of the above (Structural support to developing sperm cells. Secretion of proetin-rich fluid into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. Formation of the blood-testis barrier.)

The numbers '3' and '4' associated with the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, refer to which ONE of the following?

the number of iodine atoms in each of the hormones

All of the following ions are regulated by the action of the parathyroid hormone EXCEPT:

sodium

Which **ONE** of the following describes the actions of hormones that act locally rather than at a distance from the site of release?

paracrine

Besides the ovary, which other organ produces the hormone **estrogen**?

placenta

Which **ONE** of the following hormones is produced by the kidneys and increases **oxygen delivery** to cells of the body?

erythropoietin

Which of the following are **endocrine** glands?

suprarenal gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland

Which of the following stimulates the leydig cells to secrete testosterone?

Luteinizing hormone

Which of the following hormones are considered an eicosanoid hormone?

Both of the above (Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins) 

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to cause secretion of renin?

Administration of Intravenous fluids

Choose the best answer that describes the function of cholecystokinin (CCK).

All of the above (Feelings of fullness after eating. Triggers relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. Stimulates secretion of enzyme-rich pancreaetic juice)

What type of cells are responsible for the production of Parathyroid hormone?

Chief cells

All of the following may be caused by an increase in levels of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 except:

increased lipogeneis

A lipid hormone upon binding to its receptor, forms a hormone-receptor complex that acts as which ONE of the following?

transcription factor

What is the name of the islet cells that secrete **glucagon**?

Alpha cell

Which of the following hormones are secreted by the cells of the **thyroid gland**?

thyroxine, triidothyronine, calcitonin

Which of the following is not a product of the adrenal gland?

 progesterone

This gland produces insulin and glucagon.

pancreas

Glucocorticoids are secreted by this section of the adrenal gland.

zona fasciculata

The endocrine gland composed of a cortex and medulla, each with specific functions

adrenal

The groups of hormone-secreting cells scattered throughout the pancreas

islets

The tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland

parathyroids

The gland in the brain that is regulated by light

pineal

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland

hypothalamus

A substance produced by an endocrine gland

hormone

The largest of the endocrine glands located in the neck

thyroid

Which answer choice does not represent an action of secretin.

None of the above

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine are both derived from which of the following compounds?

Iodine and Tyrosine

All of the following are peptide hormones except which of the following?

Serotonin

Which of the following are NOT releasing hormones?

GHIH

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by chromaffin cells, located in which ONE of the following regions of the suprarenal gland?

medulla

Receptors for water soluble hormones are found on their target cells in which **ONE** of the following regions?

plasma membrane

Which of the following hormones is NOT soluble in water?

testosterone

Which **ONE** of the following percentages best describes the proportion of pancreatic activity centered around exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate?

99%

Which of the following are **stimulated** by glucocorticoids?

lipolysis, gluconeogenesis

The location on a cell surface to which a hormone attaches.

receptor

A chemical messenger the either is secreted into the interstitial fluid or is secreted into the bloodstream.

hormone

**The part of the pituitary connected to the hypothalamus by a portal system**

anterior lobe

The element regulated by hydroxycholecalciferol, a hormone produced from vitamin D

calcium

An organ present only during pregnancy that secretes hormones needed for normal development of the embryo

placenta

The hormone produced by the pancreatic islets that raises blood sugar levels

glucagon

The hormone from the posterior pituitary that causes uterine contraction

oxytocin

The chemical category that includes the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

steroids

The hormone that aids in maturation of the T cells needed for immunity

thymosin

A hormone released by the adrenal cortex during stressful situations that acts to reduce inflammation

cortisol

Which hormone indirectly stimulates the development of sperm by priming cells for the actions of testosterone?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Pick the hormone that is responsible for triggering the release of insulin.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide