Gait, Synovial Fluid Analysis, Ligament Structure, Function and Failure, Joint Damage Part 1

Which type of crystal is typically found in gout?

Monosodium urate crystals

Which type of crystal is typically found in pseudogout?

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals

What is this

Positive birefringence

What is this

Negative Birefringence

What disease is this

Gout

What disease causes this

Pseudogout

What best describes a Grade 1 ligament sprain?

Mild stretching with microscopic tearing of fibers

Which of the following characterizes a Grade 2 ligament sprain?

Partial tear with some loss of function and moderate instability

How is a Grade 3 ligament sprain defined?

Complete tear resulting in joint instability and loss of function

Which of the following correctly lists components found in synovial fluid?

Hyaluronic acid, lubricin, water, proteinase, collagenase, prostaglandins

What best describes Grade 1 osteoarthritis?

Minor cartilage wear with possible osteophyte formation

Which describes Grade 2 osteoarthritis?

Moderate cartilage damage with definite joint space narrowing

What is characteristic of Grade 3 osteoarthritis?

Severe cartilage loss, joint space obliteration, and bone sclerosis

Which of the following best describes Grade 4 osteoarthritis?

Complete loss of cartilage with severe joint space narrowing and bone deformity