🔬 Biology chp 5 enzymes flashcards

Enzymes

Proteins involved in all reactions, where they function as biological catalysts

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed during the reaction

Breakdown of starch

Amylase

Breakdown of proteins

Protease

Breakdown of carbohydrates

carbohydrase

Breakdown of lipids (fats and oils)

lipases

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water

Catalase

Amylase

A carbohydrase that breaks down starch

Maltase

A carbohydrase that breaks down maltose

Sucrase

A carbohydrase that breaks down sucrose

Fastest enzyme known

catalase

active site

part of an enzyme molecule to which the substrate temporarily binds

Substrate

The substance that an enzyme causes to react

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The substrate has a complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme

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Enzyme changes the substrate to new molecules called “products”

Enzyme-substrate complex

The short-lived structure formed as the substrate binds temporarily to the active site of an enzyme

Factors that affect the speed of the action of enzymes

optimum temperature and optimum pH

Average optimum temperature of human body

37 degrees Celsius

What happens when enzymes reach a temperature above 60 degrees Celsius?

They completely stop working

What does the term ‘denatured’ mean?

When enzymes reach a high temperature they stop working, because high temperature damages the enzyme, thus the enzyme is denatured and cannot catalyze its reaction anymore.

pH for most enzymes

7

what happens if an enzyme is placed in a liquid with a pH that is not its optimum pH?

The enzyme gets damaged, is denatured and cannot catalyze its reaction any further