Plant Biology: Tissue Types and Growth Processes

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to plant tissue types, growth processes, and functions within plant biology.

What are the three main tissue types in plants?

Dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue.

What is the function of the Xylem?

The Xylem transports water and nutrients upward from the roots to the shoots.

What does the Phloem primarily transport?

The Phloem primarily transports sugars produced during photosynthesis, mostly downward to the roots.

What are the two forms of growth in plants?

Primary growth and secondary growth.

What is indeterminate growth?

Indeterminate growth is when a plant continues to grow throughout its life due to the presence of meristematic tissue.

Define meristematic tissue.

Meristematic tissue consists of undifferentiated cells that can divide and contribute to plant growth.

What is the role of the apical meristem?

The apical meristem is located at the tips of roots and shoots and is responsible for elongation growth.

What is the difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?

Primary growth occurs in all plants and involves lengthening, while secondary growth occurs in woody plants and increases thickness.

What is the function of guard cells in stomata?

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control gas exchange.

What are lenticels, and why are they important?

Lenticels are openings in the bark of woody plants that allow gas exchange with the atmosphere.

What does secondary xylem primarily represent?

Secondary xylem primarily represents the wood of the plant.

What is the significance of lignin in xylem?

Lignin provides rigidity and structural support, making wood resistant to decay and herbivory.

Explain the process of double fertilization in angiosperms.

Double fertilization involves one sperm fertilizing an egg to form a diploid embryo, and another sperm fusing with two polar nuclei to form triploid endosperm.

What does the endosperm provide for the developing plant?

The endosperm provides nutrition to the growing plant embryo during seed development.

What are the three zones of differentiation in roots and shoots?

The zones are the zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of differentiation.

Why do roots have a root cap?

The root cap protects the tip of the root as it pushes through the soil.