Gram positive bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.

Cocci

spherical bacteria

The list of gram positive cocci

Staphylococcus,

micrococcus, peptococcus, peptostrepococcus,

streptococcus

Facultative

can live with or without oxygen

halotolerant

can survive at higher salt concentrations but grow best at low or zero concentations

catalase

An enzyme produced in all cells to decompose hydrogen peroxide, a by-product of cell respiration

Staphylococcus

cluster of cocci (grape like), Faculative, catalase and halo tolerant, mannitol salt agar

Hemolysis of blood agar

no change is gamma, bacteria didn't break down RBC's; 'greenish' tint is alpha-partial destruction of RBCs in blood; clear zone is beta, complete destruction of RBC's

Hemolysis of blood agar can be an indicator of what

pathogenicity

What is blood agar made of?

5% sheeps blood

Pathogenic

causing disease

What type of bacteria is Micrococcus?

Gram positive cocci

How does Micrococcus typically arrange itself?

In clusters and tetrads

Is Micrococcus catalase positive or negative?

Catalase positive

What type of aerobe is Micrococcus?

Strict aerobe

Can Micrococcus grow by fermentation?

No, it cannot grow by fermentation

Is Micrococcus pathogenic or non-pathogenic?

Non-pathogenic

Where is Micrococcus usually found?

On inanimate objects

Peptococcus and peptostreptococcus

Gram and cocci, ferments peptone (aa) not sugar, OBLIGATE ANAEROBE, normal flora of intenstine and vagina

Aerotolerant

do not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its presence

What type of bacteria is Streptococcus?

Gram-positive cocci in chains

Is Streptococcus catalase positive or negative?

Catalase negative

What type of anaerobes are Streptococcus?

Aerotolerant anaerobes

What is the fermentation product of Streptococcus?

Lactic acid

What are the two major groups of Streptococcus based on hemolysis?

Beta and alpha hemolytic

How are Streptococcus groups separated immunologically?

Groups A-O

Which group of Streptococcus is associated with human diseases?

Group A

What type of hemolysis is Streptococcus typically classified as?

Beta hemolytic

Gram positive rods

Bacillus, Clostridium, lactobacillus, listeria, mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, propionibacterium, eubacterium, acitnomyces, streptomyces, mycoplasma

Acronym for gram positive rods

Big Chunky Ladiess Love Many Crunchy Pickles Every Afternoon Studying Microbes.

What is the shape of Bacillus?

Rod shaped

Does Bacillus form endospores?

Yes, it is endospore forming

Is Bacillus aerobic or facultative?

It can be aerobic or facultative

Does Bacillus produce catalase?

Yes, it produces catalase

Does Bacillus form a capsule?

Yes, it forms a capsule

Where is Bacillus mostly found?

In soil

What is a source of bacitracin and other antibiotics?

Bacillus

What is the causitative agent of anthrax

B. anthraces

Types of anthrax

cutaneous, respiratory, or intestinal

What is the easiest type of anthrax to treat?

Cutaneous - black necrosis "coal"

What type of anthrax is almost 100% fatal?

Respiratory

Clostridium

Endospore forming, strict ANAEROBES, found in pockets of soil and in intestinal tract

Lactobacillus

Produces lactic acid during fermentation, non spore forming, common in dairy products

What is the shape and size of Listeria bacteria?

Very short (0.5mm) rods

Does Listeria form spores?

No, it is non spore forming

What is a key characteristic of Listeria regarding temperature?

It is psychotolerant; refrigeration doesn't slow growth

What types of food are commonly associated with Listeria outbreaks?

Cheese and cold cuts

Who is most susceptible to Listeria infections?

Immunocompromised individuals

Mycobacterium is NOT

mycoplasma

Mycobacterium

Considered gram positive but ALSO acid fast due to unique cell wall (stains pink/red), mycolic acid

acid fast bacteria

Mycobacterium

Mycoplasma

Too small to be seen with LM, very small genome, NO CELL WALL, phylogenetically related to gram positive bacteria

Cornyebacterium

Aerobic, non motile, club shaped or v shaped

motile

Capable of movement

propionibacterium

aerotolerant, ferments lactic acid to produce propionic acid and CO2; acne

How does acne work?

Hormones stimulate excess sebum - microorganisms feed on - ducts become clogged and may rupture

Eubacterium

Obligate anaerobe

Major normal flora of large intestine

Opportunistic pathogen

what is an obligate anaerobe?

poisoned by oxygen

Actinomyces

Primarily in soil, form branching filaments, do not form spores, can contribute to madera foot

Where is Streptomycin primarily found?

In soil

How many species of Streptomycin are there?

Over 500 species

What type of structure do Streptomycin species form?

Branching filaments

Do Streptomycin species form true spores?

Yes

What is a notable condition associated with Streptomycin?

Madura foot

What is a significant contribution of Streptomycin?

Source of many antibiotics