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Polygyny
One Male, Multiple Females
Polyandry
One Female, Multiple Males
Polygynandry
Multiple Males, Multiple Females
Dunnock Birds
Exhibit all mating systems. It all depends on abundance of resources and territories.
Factors favoring polygyny
High food availability
Higher reproductive investment by females
Factors favoring polyandry
Sparce resources
Polygynous vs Monogamous Warbler Birds
Ploygynous when resources are abundant
Monogamous when few resources
Female defense polygyny
Males defend female mates to mate with them (wasps)
Social monogamy
Social relationship, but is allowed to mate outside
Brood parasitism
When a bird lays an egg in a different species nest
Infanticide
Killing offspring to increase success of others
Paternity dilution hypothesis
Females mate with multiple males to reduce risk of infanticide