chapter 13

1. Lobes of the brain are named for the bones superficial to them and are part of the

A. cerebrum.
B. cerebellum.
C. diencephalon.
D. metencephalon.

A

2. The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called

A. gyri.
B. sulci.
C. ventricles.
D. syncitia.

B

3. In human brain anatomy, the term \______ is synonymous with anterior.
A. caudal
B. dorsal
C. rostral

C

4. Arrange the primary brain vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order.
a: Rhombencephalon
b: Mesencephalon
c: Prosencephalon
A. a, c, b
B. b, a, c
C. a, b, c
D. c, b, a
E. c, a, b

D

5. Neural tissue develops in the embryo from a portion of the

A. ectoderm.
B. endoderm.
C. mesoderm.

A

6. The process by which the notochord induces the formation of the neural tube is known as \_________.

neurulation

7. The scientific name for the embryonic midbrain is the \_________.
mesencephalon

8.
The primary vesicle from which the metencephalon arises is the

A. diencephalon.
B. rhombencephalon.
C. mesencephalon.
D. myelencephalon.
E. proscencephalon.

B

9.
The opening of the neural tube that is closest to the future head is the

A. anterior neural fold.
B. cranial neuropore.
C. rostral neural groove.
D. caudal neural canal.
E. neural crest aperture.

B

10. Arrange the five secondary vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order.
a: Diencephalon
b: Myelencephalon
c: Telencephalon
d: Metencephalon
e: Mesencephalon
A. b, a, c, d, e
B. a, b, c, d, e
C. b, c, a, e, d
D. c, d, e, a, b
E. c, a, e, d, b

E

11. Which secondary brain vesicle forms the portion of the adult brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Mesencephalon

B

12. The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebrum is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Mesencephalon

A

13. The portion of the adult brain that includes the medulla oblongata is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Mesencephalon

C

14. The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, and inferior colliculi is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Metencephalon
E. Mesencephalon

E

15.
Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the

A. cortex.
B. cerebral ganglia.
C. cerebral nuclei.
D. cerebral peduncles.
E. ventricles.

C

16. The cerebral cortex consists of \______ matter.
A. gray
B. white

A

17. What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep?
a: Dura mater
b: Pia mater
c: Arachnoid mater
A. a, b, c
B. a, c, b
C. b, a, c
D. b, c, a
E. c, b, a

B

18. Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)?
A. Pia mater
B. Arachnoid
C. Dura mater
D. Subdural layer
E. Subarachnoid layer

C

19.
Dural venous sinuses are areas where

A. the meningeal and periosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces.
B. cerebrospinal fluid is produced.
C. cerebrospinal fluid is stored.
D. large numbers of nuclei congregate.
E. glial cells are formed.

A

20.
The meninx composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers is the

A. pia mater.
B. arachnoid mater.
C. dura mater.
D. periosteal layer.
E. subarachnoid layer.

B

21.
The meninx composed of a thin layer of delicate areolar connective tissue that follows every contour of the brain surface is the

A. pia mater.
B. arachnoid mater.
C. dura mater.
D. periosteal layer.
E. subdural layer.

A

22. The area underneath the middle meninx where cerebrospinal fluid is located is the \__________ space.

subarachnoid

23.
The horizontally-oriented fold of dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the

A. diaphragma sellae.
B. falx cerebelli.
C. tentorium cerebelli.
D. superior sagittal sinus.
E. falx cerebri.

C

24. The largest of the four dural septa, this large, sickle-shaped vertical fold of dura mater separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
A. Diaphragma sellae
B. Falx cerebelli
C. Tentorium cerebelli
D. Superior sagittal sinus
E. Falx cerebri

E

25.
A sickle-shaped vertical partition that divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres is the

A. diaphragma sellae.
B. falx cerebelli.
C. tentorium cerebelli.
D. superior sagittal sinus.
E. falx cerebri.

B

26. A brain ventricle located in the cerebrum is the \_____ ventricle.
A. third
B. lateral
C. fourth
D. median
E. falx

B

27. The brain ventricle located in the diencephalon is the \_____ ventricle.
A. third
B. lateral
C. fourth
D. median
E. falx

A

28. The brain ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum is the \_____ ventricle.
A. third
B. lateral
C. fourth
D. median
E. falx

C

29.
The partition between the lateral ventricles is the

A. central canal.
B. interventricular foramen.
C. mesencephalic aqueduct.
D. ventricular canal.
E. septum pellucidum.

E

30. Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
A. CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.
B. CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain.
C. CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.
D. CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.
E. CSF provides a liquid cushion to protect the brain from sudden movements.

D

31. The brain floats within the cerebrospinal fluid.

TRUE

32.
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the

A. choroid plexus.
B. arachnoid villi.
C. arachnoid granulation.
D. septum pellucidum.
E. mesencephalic aqueduct.

A

33.
The amount of CSF within the brain at any given moment is approximately

A. 600 ml.
B. 1,200 ml.
C. 130 ml.
D. 12 ml.
E. 4,800 ml.

C

34.
Excess CSF is removed from the subarachnoid space by

A. the median aperture.
B. microglia.
C. astrocytes.
D. arachnoid villi.
E. the choroid plexus.

D

35. The type of glial cell that plays a critical role in the formation of CSF is the \_________ cell.

ependymal

36.
List these events in the correct order for CSF flow in the CNS.
a: CSF flows into the arachnoid villi
b: CSF enters the blood
c: CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle
d: CSF flows into the subarachnoid space
e: CSF is produced by the choroid plexus

A. a, b, c, e, d
B. e, a, b, c, d
C. c, d, a, e, b
D. e, c, d, a, b
E. e, d, a, b, c

D

37.
The blood-brain barrier is made up of

A. microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.
B. ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.
C. astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.
D. astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.
E. astrocyte perivascular feet and the falx cerebri.

C

38. Endothelial cells within capillaries of the brain are linked to their neighbors by \______ junctions that prevent diffusion of some substances across the capillary wall.

tight

39.
The blood-brain barrier is reduced or missing from three locations in the brain. Which is not one of these locations?

A. Hypothalamus
B. Pineal gland
C. Cerebrum
D. Choroid plexus

C

40. Lipid-soluble compounds are incapable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier.

FALSE

41.
The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions is the

A. cerebellum.
B. pons.
C. hypothalamus.
D. corpus callosum.
E. cerebrum.

E

42.
The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemispheres is the

A. cerebral gyri.
B. cerebral sulci.
C. longitudinal fissure.
D. hypothalamus.
E. corpus callosum.

E

43. Most commonly, which cerebral hemisphere is responsible for controlling speech?
A. Left
B. Right

A

44. Generally, the left cerebral hemisphere issues motor commands for the right side of the body.

TRUE

45. Which of the five cerebral lobes is the one not visible on the surface of the brain?
A. Insula
B. Temporal
C. Frontal
D. Occipital
E. Parietal

A

46.
One function of the brain's frontal lobe is

A. smell.
B. verbal communication.
C. hearing.
D. speech interpretation.
E. vision.

B

47.
The portion of the brain involved primarily with vision is the

A. occipital lobe.
B. temporal lobe.
C. insula.
D. parietal lobe.
E. frontal lobe.

A

48.
Cerebral lateralization refers to the

A. difficulty in assigning a precise function to a specific region of the cortex.
B. generalization that both cerebral hemispheres receive their sensory information from and project motor commands to the opposite side of the body.
C. separation of the various lobes of the brain from each other.
D. crisscrossing of information between the two hemispheres.
E. functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

E

49.
The lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the

A. occipital lobe.
B. temporal lobe.
C. insula.
D. parietal lobe.
E. frontal lobe.

D

50.
The lateral sulcus is superior to the

A. occipital lobe.
B. temporal lobe
C. insula
D. parietal lobe
E. frontal lobe

B

51. The frontal eye field is immediately anterior to the premotor cortex.

TRUE

52. The Wernicke area is the motor speech area of the frontal lobe.

FALSE

53. The primary gustatory cortex processes information about \________ and is located in the \______.
A. sound, cerebellum
B. taste, insula
C. taste, frontal lobe
D. smell, parietal lobe
E. smell, temporal lobe

B

54.
The feet of the sensory homunculus are located

A. medially on the postcentral gyrus.
B. medially on the precentral gyrus.
C. laterally on the postcentral gyrus.
D. laterally on the precentral gyrus.

A

55. The gnostic area is a part of the frontal lobe that integrates the learning of skilled motor activities.

FALSE

57. Association areas

A. correlate information from opposite sides of the brain.
B. correlate similar functions from different lobes on the same side of the brain.
C. correlate similar functions from the same lobes on the opposite side of the brain.
D. integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.
E. integrate outgoing motor information.

D

58.
The gnostic area of the brain provides comprehensive understanding of a current activity. It is composed of portions of the

A. parietal and frontal lobes.
B. occipital and parietal lobes.
C. temporal and occipital lobes.
D. parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes.
E. parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

E

59.
A person with damage to the premotor cortex area that coordinates eye movements

A. can read but cannot understand the words.
B. cannot read or understand the words.
C. can understand the words but cannot follow the lines on the page.
D. can process linguistic information visually but not through auditory inputs.

C

60.
Association tracts

A. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex with the opposite hemisphere.
B. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
C. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.
D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
E.
None of the choices is correct.

D

61.
Commissural tracts

A. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
B. connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.
C. connect different regions within a lobe.
D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
E. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

A

62.
Projection tracts

A. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
B. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.
C. connect different regions within a lobe.
D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
E. connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

B

63. The bundle of projection tracts that passes between the cerebral nuclei and the thalamus is the \________ capsule.

internal

64. Anatomical asymmetries between the two cerebral hemispheres are known as \_______.

petalias

65. The \______ hemisphere is known for its involvement in categorization, symbolization, and analytical reasoning.
A. left
B. right

A

66. Which skills are associated with the right hemisphere for most individuals?
A. Language and task sequencing
B. Categorization and symbolization
C. Visuospatial skills and music
D. Mathematics and the partitioning of information into small fragments

C

67. The left hemisphere is dominant for speech in almost all right-handed people and in many left-handed ones.

TRUE

68. Which structures form the lentiform nucleus?
A. Putamen and globus pallidus
B. Globus pallidus and caudate nucleus
C. Caudate nucleus and claustrum
D. Putamen and claustrum
E. Amygdaloid body and globus pallidus

A

69.
Paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres, inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle, are the

A. cerebral nuclei.
B. corpus callosi.
C. inferior colliculi.
D. interthalamic adhesions.
E. ventricular connections.

A

70. Which nucleus stimulates the muscles to produce the pattern of arm and leg movements associated with walking?
A. Amygdaloid body
B. Caudate nucleus
C. Putamen
D. Globus pallidus
E. Claustrum

B

71. Which nucleus is part of the lentiform nucleus that controls muscular movement at the subconscious level?
A. Amygdaloid body
B. Caudate nucleus
C. Putamen
D. Dentate nucleus
E. Claustrum

C

72. This nucleus both excites and inhibits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone.
A. Amygdaloid body
B. Caudate nucleus
C. Putamen
D. Globus pallidus
E. Claustrum

D

73.
Following a head injury, a young woman frequently loses her temper and is often depressed and otherwise "moody." What part of the brain do you think has been damaged?

A. Amygdaloid body
B. Caudate nucleus
C. Putamen
D. Globus pallidus
E. Claustrum

A

74. Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus?
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Diencephalon
D. Cerebrum
E. Cerebellum

C

75. This portion of the brain forms part of the roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle. Its posterior portion houses the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei.
A. Epithalamus
B. Thalamus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebellum
E. Infundibulum

A

76. This portion of the brain secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps to regulate the body's circadian rhythm.
A. Habenular nucleus
B. Anterior nucleus
C. Pineal gland
D. Mammillary body
E. Paraventricular nucleus

C

77. Which structure plays a crucial role in filtering out the irrelevant noise at a crowded party so that you can listen to someone speaking to you?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Epithalamus

A

78. Which structure serves as the main relay point for sensory information that is headed to a primary sensory region of the cerebral cortex?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Epithalamus
C. Thalamus
D. Pineal body
E. Pons

C

79. A football player can hear his coach's voice above the noise of the crowd and can sense an opponent about to run him down. These abilities are due to the action of what part of the brain?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Epithalamus
C. Thalamus
D. Pineal body
E. Pons

C

80.
The brain region that exerts significant control over the endocrine system is the

A. pons.
B. thalamus.
C. hypothalamus.
D. epithalamus.

C

81. The hypothalamus exerts master control over the motor system.

FALSE

82. Functions of the hypothalamus include regulation of body temperature and water intake.

TRUE

83.
The sleep-wake cycle and the sex drive are both regulated by the

A. pons.
B. thalamus.
C. hypothalamus.
D. olive.

C

84. The tectal plate (corpora quadrigemina) is part of what portion of the brain?
A. Diencephalon
B. Brainstem
C. Thalamus
D. Telencephalon
E. Epithalamus

B

85.
As motor tracts descend to the brainstem, they become the anterolateral surfaces of the midbrain known as the

A. inferior colliculi.
B. accessory nerves.
C. inferior olives.
D. cerebral peduncles.
E. substantia nigra.

D

86.
The superior olivary complex is involved in detecting the

A. location of a sound.
B. brightness of a light.
C. flavor of a taste.
D. intensity of a smell.
E. texture of a touch stimulus.

A

87. Which are the midbrain nuclei that produce dopamine, and thereby affect motor control?
A. Red nuclei
B. Cerebral nuclei
C. Substantia nigra
D. Arcuate nuclei

C

88. The superior colliculi help you respond to
A.
visual stimuli — for example, when you turn toward a bright flash of light.

B.
auditory stimuli — for example, when you turn toward a loud bang.

C.
somatic stimuli — for example, when you swat at a bug that has landed on your arm.

D.
internal stimuli from your viscera — for example, when you feel abdominal pain.

A

89. The inferior colliculi are auditory reflex centers of the midbrain.

TRUE

90. Which portion of the brain contains the posterior part of the fourth ventricle?
A. Pons
B. Thalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Hypothalamus
E. Cerebellum

C

91.
Axons of the corticospinal tract cross the brainstem at the

A.
middle cerebellar peduncle of the pons.

B. decussation of the pyramids in the medulla oblongata.
C. primary fissure of the cerebellum.
D. cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain.
E. hypoglossal canal.

B

92. The medulla oblongata contains a cardiac center and a medullary respiratory center.

TRUE

93. The vasomotor center is an important regulator of \________ and is located in the \________.
A. voluntary movement, frontal lobe
B. blood pressure, pons
C. visual reflexes, pons
D. blood pressure, medulla oblongata.
E. visual reflexes, midbrain

D

94.
The numerous folds of the cerebellar cortex are called

A. fissures.
B. gyri.
C. vermis.
D. folia.
E. petalias.

D

95. Which part of the brain contains the arbor vitae?
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebrum
D. Cerebellum
E. Epithalamus

D

96.
The middle cerebral peduncles connect the cerebellum to the

A. spinal cord.
B. pons.
C. medulla.
D. midbrain.
E. diencephalon.

B

97. The inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the midbrain.

FALSE

98. This portion of the brain ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern leading to smooth, coordinated movements.
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebrum
D. Cerebellum
E. Epithalamus

D

99. Which portion of the brain adjusts skeletal muscle activity to maintain equilibrium and posture?
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebrum
D. Cerebellum
E. Epithalamus

D

100. The \__________ is composed of multiple structures that collaboratively process and experience emotions.
A. medulla oblongata
B. cerebellum
C. hypothalamus
D. limbic system
E. cerebellar peduncle

D

101.
The limbic system allows

A. processing and experiencing of emotion.
B. bending over backwards.
C. perception of language.
D. expression of language.
E. retrieving memories from a long time ago.

A