functionalism

shared norms and values

E: Durkheim- society functions based on a consensus of norms and values → means people focus on good of society not individual needs = harmony

R: 1989 National Curriculum- everyone is socialised into same ideas in education system → history creates sense of shared heritage and consensus around views of the nation

C: Wong- places people as passive in society

organic anaology

E: Parsons- draws parallels between society and biological organism → all institutions work together to allow society to function and have its needs met

R: Durkheim- crime is an integral part of society as punishment reaffirms norms and values = social solidarity

C: Althusser- societal institutions are ISAs which benefit the ruling class

socialisation

E: Parsons- key mechanism to ensure integration of individuals into collective conscience is socialisation = internalise norms and values and maintain social order

R: Murdock- key function of the family is primary socialisation → demonstrates families role in meeting society’s needs

C: Marx- main purpose of family is to reproduce capitalism and be a unit of consumption for it

Durkheim

E: Durkheim- society is not a collection of individuals, its a system shaped by shared norm and values = collective conscience unifies society

R: religious rituals reinforce the collective conscience of society and creates loyalty to the community

C: Althusser- religion is an ISA to maintain dominance of ruling class