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atmospheric deposition
chemicals released by chimneys can enter the atmosphere and then fall back to earth as rain, entering water stores
GMO herbicide
when farmers use herbicides on fields, the chemicals used are gradually washed by the rain into the groundwater or surface waters nearby, causing contamination
sewage
sewage treatment systems release more than 850 billion gallons of untreated wastewater each year, carrying diseases
nutrients
nutrients in sewage and fertilisers( excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the water/ air) cause a massive increase the growth of algae, overwhelming huge areas of ocean, lakes, and rivers( eutrophication)
highway runoff
toxic pollution can enter waste water from highway runoff; highways are typically covered with many toxic materials, washed into drains and rivers when it rains
chemical waste
detergents, chemicals used in manufacturing units, heavy metals( e.g. lead, mercury, and cadmium) from gasoline and batteries
radioactive waste
generated by uranium mining, nuclear power plants, production and testing of military weapons, and universities/ hospitals using radioactive materials
oil pollution
12% of the oil entering oceans comes from tanker accidents, over 70% of oil pollution at sea comes from routine shipping and from drains on land; 500,000 tonnes of toil from land- based sources
plastics
washes up with waves, presents as a major hazards to seabirds, fish, and other marine creatures
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