APUSH Final Study Guide Units 1-5

What contributed most significantly to the population trend in pre-Columbian Mexico?

Trade and settlement resulting from maize cultivation

Which of the following best characterizes the Mississippian societies described in the excerpt?

They had mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies that favored the development of permanent villages.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the advanced development of both pre-Columbian American societies described in the excerpt?

Adaptation to and use of the natural environment for their own benefit

Which of the following developments in the 1500s is best illustrated by the excerpt?

Europeans sought new sources of wealth in the Americas.

Hakluyt's call for the English to learn about Native American "language, manners, and customs" best represents which of the following developments in the 1500s?

Native Americans and Europeans partnered for trade.

Which of the following developments in the late 1400s and early 1500s is depicted in the excerpt?

Europeans undertook voyages across the Atlantic to the Americas in search of new sources of wealth.

In the excerpt, Crosby makes which of the following claims about the transmission of Old World diseases to the Americas?

It was an unintended consequence of contact between the New World and the Old World.

Which of the following describes Crosby's overall argument in the excerpt about the reason for the change in

Native American populations after 1492?

Native Americans had no immunity to new diseases introduced by Europeans.

Which of the following best describes evidence used by Crosby to support his argument about the change in Native

American populations after 1492 ?

Enslaved Americans who were taken to Europe experienced high mortality rates.

Which of the following best describes an argument made by de Gante in the letter?

The Spanish should require less tribute after conquest to avoid Native American depopulation.

In the third paragraph of the excerpt, which of the following pieces of evidence does de Gante use to support his

argument about the emperor of Spain's obligations to Native Americans?

The emperor has benefited from the riches acquired in the Americas.

One piece of evidence that de Gante used in the excerpt to support his overall argument about the treatment of the

people of Mexico is that Native Americans

did not have enough supplies to support their families

In which of the following ways did the Spanish impose racial hierarchies in the regions of the Americas that theycontrolled during the 1500s and 1600s?

The Spanish created a caste system that incorporated people of European, Native American, and African descent.

What was a major difference between the Spanish encomienda system and the Spanish caste system in the

Americas?

The encomienda system was based on using Native Americans for forced labor, while the caste system was based on a diverse and racially mixed population.

How were European economic systems in the American colonies in the 1500s and 1600s different from existing

economic systems in Europe?

Spanish colonists used enslaved Africans to work on plantations.

Before 1492, many American Indian cultures were strongly influenced by the

spread of corn cultivation

Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus'

voyages is supported by the map above?

The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New Spain

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly resulted from which of the following?

The arrival of Christian missionaries in the Americas

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most strongly suggest which of the following about how Native Americans

responded to colonization?

They resisted European efforts to repress their culture.

Which of the following most immediately resulted from the Columbian Exchange?

The diets of Europeans improved.

Which of the following was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange?

The diets of Europeans improved.

Moctezuma's statement that the Mexica "were not the aborigines of the country" most likely refers to which of the

following developments?

The presence of different and complex societies before European contact

Which of the following was a primary feature of social relations established in the Spanish colonies in the Western

Hemisphere?

The emergence of racially mixed populations mingling European settlers, Native Americans, and Africans

The interaction between Cortés and Moctezuma most strongly demonstrates Cortés'

desire for increased power and status

Before 1800, which of the following European imports had the greatest impact on the lives of the Plains Indians?

Horses

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from

Asia

Which of the following most shaped the events described in the excerpt?

The demands of the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies

In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to

organize and regulate Native American labor

An implication of Las Casas' argument is that a major cause of the decline of the native populations in the Americas

after 1492 was the

epidemics brought to the Americas by Europeans

Which of the following most directly resulted from the change in the Native American population described by Las

Casas?

The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor.

Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph?

The introduction of new diseases

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the changes shown in the graph?

European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands.

The most important factor that enabled the Spanish to conquer native peoples in Mexico and New Spain in thesixteenth century was the

introduction of European diseases to which native peoples were not resistant

What was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange?Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first begancolonization?

Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans.

A direct result of European exploration of North America during the 1500s and early 1600s was the

introduction of new animals and crops to North America

Which of the following best explains the presence of the Spanish in the areas depicted on the map?

The emergence of competition between European powers in the Americas

By the early 1600s, which of the following had most changed the circumstances of villages such as Secotan in

eastern North America?

The impact of epidemic diseases introduced by Europeans

The image best serves as evidence that many Native American groups had developed farming techniques that

supported permanent villages

Which of the following most directly contributed to the major pattern depicted on the map?

Demand for crops produced in the Americas

Gerard's description of "corne" in the excerpt best reflects which of the following?

Assumptions about the superiority of European culture

By the end of the seventeenth century, what was true of women in New England?

They were a majority in many church congregations

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians?

France

The Dutch settled New Netherland primarily to

To expand their commercial and mercantile network

Which of the following explains the most likely reason why English colonists wanted to come to North America?

To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions

The expansion of European settlement in the Americas most directly led to which of the following developments?

The use of enslaved Native Americans and Africans to meet the labor demands of colonial agricultural production

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by

A joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

Smith most likely wrote his account for which of the following reasons?

to increase support for the colony from the monarchy and investors

Smith's account of the hardships experienced in the Virginia colony most directly encouraged which of the following changes in subsequent settlements?

Increased attention to farming and agriculture

Life in the Jamestown Colony in the early seventeenth century was difficult for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

The Spanish conducted frequent raids

Anne Hutchinson was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 because she

challenged the religious beliefs of the colony's leaders

Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to

Profit economically.

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century?

Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.

Which of the following was true of colonial New England?

Life was centered in clustered villages with farmland surrounding the villages.

In the seventeenth century, the earliest British colonies in Virginia were saved from economic ruin by

the introduction of tobacco cultivation

In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both

were royal colonies.

The difference in slave populations depicted in the graphs most directly resulted from differences in

Climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture.

The demographics of the lower South colonies in 1750 most directly contributed to which of the following conditions for enslaved people?

Relative autonomy to preserve and adapt African traditions.

The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following?

The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans.

Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor in North America during the 1600s and 1700s?

European demand for agricultural products grown in the colonies.

Which of the following groups most typically created settlements like those depicted in the map?

Migrants pursuing economic prosperity.

Which of the following most directly hindered the expansion of the settlement depicted on the map?

The strength of the neighboring Native American confederation

The map best illustrates which of the following?

European anxieties about conflict with Native Americans

Majority of the early English migrants to the Chesapeake Bay area were

Families with young children.

New England Puritans sought primarily to create which of the following in Massachusetts?

A model community promoting government by strict religious principles

In the Colonial period, Quakers were known for all of the following EXCEPT their Answer: D) refusal to pay taxes

refusal to pay taxes

Which of the following was true of most Puritans who emigrated to seventeenth-century New England?

They considered themselves non-separatists

The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects?

It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America

The Quakers were unique among the religious groups that settled in North America during the seventeenth century because they

allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries

The early success of the Pennsylvania colony was due in large part to which of the following?

William Penn's careful planning and his policy of selling land to settlers

Which of the following types of evidence would best support the argument in the excerpt?

Artifacts from American Indian settlements

Mercantilism as applied by Britain to its North American colonies meant that the British government

regulated colonial shipping and tobacco production

Which of the following most directly led to the passage of the Navigation Act of 1660?

the emergence of an Atlantic economy

Which of the following most likely motivated Parliament to pass the law in the excerpt?

the desire to pursue mercantilist goals

By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to

guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

Bacon's Rebellion occurred because of disagreements between frontier settlers and the Virginia governor over which of the following issues?

relations with American Indians and restrictions on the fur trade

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion?

tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed

The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following?

The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s?

the growth of a native-born African American population

The "Great Awakening" refers to the

wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740s

All of the following groups of non-English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT

Russians

By the 1750s, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

disdain for the British constitutional monarchy

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700s?

all the colonies

Colonial cities functioned primarily as

Mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods

The First Great Awakening led to all of the following EXCEPT

The renewed persecution of witches

Which of the following statements about Africans brought as slaves to the British North American colonies is true?

they maintained cultural practices brought from Africa

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after

They were assured that the Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution?

The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the patriot cause

Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?

Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800?

The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance.

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to

Providing for statehood for western territories.

The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to

British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy.

By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in

In the people.

Which of the following was the American colonists' immediate response to the attempts of the British Parliament to enforce the claims made in the excerpt?

They initiated boycotts of imported British goods.

As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for

An Electoral College.

As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for

an Electoral College

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT

Determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT

Call for the abolition of the slave trade

During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to

Facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations

The Constitutional Convention designed the Electoral College to

Insulate the presidency from the popular will