Vocab for intelligence

Aptitude Test

Measures growth and what you've learned over time, essential for predicting future performance.

Reliability

The extent to which a test yields consistent results over time.

Validity

Indicates whether a test measures what it claims to measure.

Standardization

Establishes uniform testing procedures and allows for meaningful score comparisons.

g (General Intelligence)

A concept suggesting individuals who excel in one domain tend to score well across various areas.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A numerical scale used to assess intelligence levels relative to the average performance of others.

Mental Age

An individual's intellectual abilities relative to their peers.

Chronological Age

The actual biological age of an individual.

Stereotype Threat

The risk of confirming negative stereotypes related to one's race or cultural group, affecting performance.

The Flynn Effect

The observed worldwide increase in intelligence test performance over generations.

Achievement Tests

Assess knowledge and skills acquired from specific courses or experiences.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that intelligence is static and unchangeable.

Growth Mindset

The belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through effort and learning.

Fluid Intelligence

The capacity to process information quickly and logically, which tends to decline with age.

Crystallized Intelligence

Accumulated knowledge over time, typically positively correlated with age.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, manage, and utilize emotions effectively in oneself and others.

Francis Galton

The father of eugenics, who suggested intelligence can be inherited.

Howard Gardner

Proposed the Multiple Intelligences Theory, identifying eight distinct types of intelligence.

Savant Syndrome

Individuals who score low on IQ tests but have extraordinary skills in a specific area.

Statistical Measures of IQ

86% of individuals score between 85-115 on IQ tests; scores below 70 indicate intellectual disabilities.

What is the formula for calculating IQ?

IQ is calculated using the formula: (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100.

What does predictive validity evaluate?

How effectively a test predicts specific future behaviors or outcomes.

What does split-half reliability compare?

Scores from two halves of the same test (e.g., even items versus odd items).

Lewis Turnman

An American psychologist known for developing the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, which measure IQ.

Triarchtic Theory

of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg, which posits three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

Alfred Binet

A French psychologist developed the first practical intelligence test, which laid the foundation for modern IQ testing.

Charles Spearman

made the S for intelligence factor