Special Senses: Anatomy of Eyes and Ears

Lacrimal Apparatus

Tear-producing structures in the eye.

Conjunctiva

Mucous membrane covering the eye surface.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness.

Extrinsic Muscles

Muscles controlling eye movement in various directions.

Superior Rectus

Muscle elevating the eye, innervated by CN III.

Inferior Rectus

Muscle depressing the eye, innervated by CN III.

Medial Rectus

Muscle moving eye medially, innervated by CN III.

Lateral Rectus

Muscle moving eye laterally, innervated by CN VI.

Superior Oblique

Muscle depressing and turning eye laterally, innervated by CN IV.

Inferior Oblique

Muscle elevating and turning eye laterally, innervated by CN III.

Sclera

White part of the eye, provides shape and support.

Cornea

Transparent front part of the eye, admits light.

Choroid

Vascular layer behind retina, absorbs light.

Ciliary Body

Muscular ring shaping the lens, secretes aqueous humor.

Iris

Colored part of the eye controlling pupil size.

Pupil

Opening allowing light to enter the eye.

Retina

Sensory layer of the eye, contains photoreceptors.

Optic Nerve

Cranial Nerve II, transmits visual information.

Fovea Centralis

Area for detailed vision in the retina.

Rods

Photoreceptors for night vision, detect light intensity.

Cones

Photoreceptors for color vision, require bright light.

Color Blindness

Genetic condition affecting color perception.

Visual Pathway

Pathway light follows to reach the brain.

Optic Chiasm

Point where optic nerves cross, affecting vision.