HOSA Veterinary Science: Disease/Disease Prevention

Define antioxidant

Oxidation inhibiting substance.

Define ventilation.

The exchange of air from within a building and the outside

Define tunnel ventilation.

Ventilation system with air inlets at one end of a building and fans for outlet at the other.

Define wet dewlap.

A skin infection in the lower neck of rabbits

Define biosecurity.

Practices that protect health by preventing the introduction and spread of pathogens.

Define equine infectious anemia.

Viral disease in horses causing fever, breakdown of red blood cells, depression, and weight loss.

Define quarantine.

Confinement of an animal separate from the herd in an effort to prevent spread of disease.

Define fibrosarcoma.

Cancer that develops in the connective tissue.

How does allowing an animal's hair coat to become wet and matted contribute to disease conditions?

Animals lose heat when hair is wet; therefore, physical stress increases. Skin disorders can result.

List two factors used in developing a vaccination program.

Geographic locale, age, sex, function, or environment of animal.

Name two types of immunity.

Active and passive.

List two symptoms of equine infectious anemia.

Fever, anemia, weight loss, or depression.

List two medications that can effectively treat kennel cough.

Antibiotics and cough suppressants.

What practice poses the greatest threat to biosecurity on a farm?

Introduction of new animals.

If a newly purchased animal appears healthy, why should it be quarantined?

It may be incubating a disease and not showing clinical infection signs.

What happens when a dog develops a gastric twist?

The dog's stomach twists, trapping air inside.

List three possible disease vectors found on a farm.

Trucks, people, rodents, birds, water supply, or feed.

A ____________________ shot must be given a month or so after administration of a killed vaccine in order to elicit a memory response

booster

An animal newly introduced to a herd should be quarantined for ____________________ weeks.

two to four

Common side effects of vaccination include ____________________ and ____________________.

soreness, swelling

As stress levels rise in animals, activity levels of the sympathetic nervous system ____________________.

rise

Hyperadrenocorticism is also known as ____________________ disease.

cushings

The goal of farm-based ____________________ programs is to establish herd immunity.

vaccination

Natural infections and vaccines produce ____________________ immunity.

active

Equine infectious anemia is a ____________________ disease.

viral

Veterinarians sanitize boots and hands between farm visits to decrease spread of ____________________ from farm to farm.

diseases

Anaphylaxis is the most serious potential side effect of ____________________.

vaccination

In most states, veterinary school graduates pass the _________________________ exam before practicing veterinary medicine.

National Board

Hyperadrenocorticism is associated with chronically elevated levels of ____________________.

cortisone

____________________ and ____________________ are two animal sources of ammonia.

urine, feces

____________________ immunity occurs with the ingestion of colostrum by a newborn.

passive

Practices designed to protect the health status of a herd by limiting the introduction of disease are referred to as ____________________.

biosecurity

In the heat of the summer, up to _________________ air exchanges per hour may be needed to maintain appropriate ventilation.

30

Vaccinations need to be administered ____________________ exposure to the disease so that an immune response can be mounted.

before