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Allegory
A narrative in which characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrates multiple levels of meaning and significance. Often a universal symbol or a personified abstraction.
Alliteration
The sequential repetition of a similar initial sound, usually applied to consonants, usually in closely proximate stressed syllables.
Allusion
A literacy, historical, religious, or mythological reference in a literacy work.
Anaphora
The regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses.
Antithesis
The juxtaposition of sharply constrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure or ideas.
Aphorism
A concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief.
Appeals to authority, emotion, logic
Rhetorical arguments in which the speaker claims to be an authority or expert in a field, or attempts to play upon the emotions, or appeals to the use of reason.
Apostrophe
An address or invocation to something inanimate
Assonance
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive or proximate words.
Asyndeton
A sytanctical structure in which conjuctions are omitted in a series, usually producing more rapid prose.
Attitude
The sense expressed by the tone of voice or the mood of a piece of writing; the author’s feelings toward his or her subject, characters, events, or theme. It might even be his or her feelings for the reader.
Begging the question
An argumentative ploy where the arguer sidesteps the question or the conflict, evades or ignores the real question.
Canon
That which has been accepted as authentic.
Chiasmus
A figure of speech and generally a syntactical structure wherein the order of terms in the first half of a parallel clause is reversed in the second.
Colloquial
A term identifying the diction of the common, ordinary folks, especially in a specific region or area.
Conceit
A comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature, in particular an extended metaphor within a poem
Connotation
The implied, suggested, or underlying meaning of a word or phrase
Consonance
The repetition of two or more constonants with a change in intervening vowels
Critique
An assessment or analysis of something, such as a passage of writing, for determining what it is, what its limitations are, and how it conforms to the standard of the genre
Deductive reasoning
The method of argument in which specific statements and conclusions are drawn from general principles: movement from the general to the specific
Dialect
The language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group
Diction
The specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose or effect
Didactic
Writing or speech that has an instructive purpose or a lesson; often associated with a dry, pompous presentation
Elegy
A poem or prose that laments, or mediates upon the death of a person
Epistrophe
In rhetoric, the repetition of a phrase at the end of successive sentences
Epitaph
Writing in praise of a dead person, most often inscribed upon a headstone
Ethos
In rhetoric, the appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator
Eulogy
A speech or written passage in praise of a person; an oration in honor of a deceased person
Euphemism
An indirect, kinder, or less harsh or hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information
Exposition
The interpretation or analysis of a text. Also, the opening section of a narrative or dramatic structure in which characters, setting, theme, and conflict can be revealed.