161 Skeletal System Fall2024-KEEP12 -NEWEST -Purple & Blue Font

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

To provide support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation.

What type of cartilage appears like frosted glass and contains only collagen fibers?

Hyaline cartilage.

What is the main characteristic of elastic cartilage compared to hyaline cartilage?

Elastic cartilage is more flexible and contains elastin fibers.

What are the two types of growth in cartilage?

Appositional growth and interstitial growth.

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Osteoblasts are bone cells that deposit new bone tissue.

What is the typical structure of a long bone?

A long bone consists of a diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), and is covered by periosteum.

During what phase does the epiphyseal growth plate grow?

During childhood to lengthen the bone.

What is the process called where bone is formed from hyaline cartilage?

Endochondral ossification.

What mineral is most important for healthy bone formation?

Calcium.

What happens to the epiphyseal plates during adulthood?

The epiphyseal plates ossify and become the epiphyseal lines.

What type of bone structure has no diaphysis or epiphysis?

Short, irregular, and flat bones.

What are the structural units of compact bone called?

Haversian systems or osteons.

What mineral salts primarily make up the inorganic portion of the bone matrix?

Calcium phosphates.

What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer, while spongy bone is lighter, consists of trabeculae, and is found in the interior.

What is the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, breaking down bone tissue.

What is the best description of intramembranous ossification?

The process where bone develops directly from fibrous membranes.

What happens to cartilage during bone growth at the epiphyseal plate?

Cartilage is replaced by bone during ossification.

What occurs during the proliferation zone of the epiphyseal growth plate?

Cartilage cells undergo mitosis.

What happens in the calcification zone of the epiphyseal growth plate?

Cartilage becomes calcified and deteriorates.

How does spongy bone predominantly receive nutrients?

Nutrients reach trabeculae from the marrow spaces between them.

What type of bone marrow is responsible for blood cell formation?

Red marrow.

What is the periosteum and its significance?

A double-layered membrane surrounding bones; it contains osteoblasts and is essential for growth and repair.

What effect do T4 and T3 hormones have on bone growth?

They modulate the activity of growth hormone (GH) and contribute to normal growth.

What is the significance of the calcium homeostasis in bones?

Calcium levels are regulated to ensure bone density and strength.