Honors world history 2 final

Old Regime (Ancien Regime)

The political and social system of France in the eighteenth century before the Revolution.

National Assembly

3rd estate declaration that it was the only true government in France

Napoleonic Code

A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon

Scorched Earth Policy

The practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land

Estate

One of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution

Sans-culottes

A lower-class Parisian republican in the French Revolution. "Without Culottes"

Balance of Power

Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong

Commitee of Public Safety

A committee established during the French revolution to identify enemies of the republic.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Adopted August 26, 1789, created by the National Assembly to give rights to all (except women).

Latin America

This region in the 19th century experienced a wave of independence movements following the American and French Revolutions.

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

San Domingue

Haiti

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Peninsulares

People born in Spain

Creoles

Spaniards born in Latin America

Mestizos

People of Native American and European descent

Mulatoes

People of African and European descent

Atlantic Slave Trade

The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

Old World

Europe, Asia, Africa

Suffrage

The right to vote

Antisemitism

Prejudice against Jews

Estates General

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.

Guillotine

A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.

Emigres

French nobility who fled country to escape the Revolution

Reign of Terror

Period of the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty"

Tennis Court Oath

Vow by members of the 3rd estate not to disband until a constitution was written

Waterloo

Battle in Belgium that was Napoleon's final defeat

Rosetta Stone

a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.

Bourgeoisie

French middle class

Anarchism

A political philosophy that opposes government in any form.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

Nation-State

A country who's population share a common identity or race

Empire

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

Realpolitik

"realistic politics," practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles

Reich

German empire

Kaiser

German emperor

Balkan Peninsula

Peninsula including many countries, prone to conflict

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

New world

Americas

Dreyfus Affair

Incident in France where a Jewish captain was tried for treason because the military was anti-Semitic

Secede

To leave or withdraw

Zionism

A movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Alsace-Lorraine

Territory taken by Germany from France as a rest of the Franco Prussian war. Was later returned to France as a result of German defeat in WWI

penal colony

a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison

Psycology

study of the mind

2nd Industrial Revolution

Second wave of the industrial revolution, with mass production and industrialization

natural selection

A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.

Maori

indigenous people of New Zealand

Segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

factors of production

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services

Growth of Cities

the growth of commerce encouraged people to move to cities and towns because there were a lot of job offers

Factory System

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

Corporations

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

Unions

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

Socialism

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Spanish-American War

War that began when the United States demanded Cuba's independence from Spain

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into another

Scramble for Africa

Rapid invasion of Africa by the various European powers. This began imperialism in Africa.

Filipino-American War

War is which the philippines unsuccessfully tried to gain independence from the US

Paternalism

A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights.

Sepoy Mutiny

Revolt of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

Boer

Dutch settlers in South Africa

Boer War

A conflict in which the Boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa.

Berlin Conference

Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa

Annexation

Acquiring land

Qing Dynasty

Last dynasty of china

Opium War

a conflict between Britain and China over Britain's opium trade in China

Extraterritorial Rights

An exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country.

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Open Door Policy

American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

Central Powers of ww1

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Allies

An alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy

Western Front

In WWI, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other.

Eastern Front

In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Black Hand

the Serbian terrorist group that planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand

Shell Shock

psychological disturbance caused by prolonged exposure to active warfare, especially being under bombardment.

No Man's Land

Territory between rival Trenches

Romanovs

Ruling family of Russia

Manifest Destiny

Belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

American Civil War

1861-1865: War between North and South over slavery and seceeding.

telegraph

A device that used electrical signals to send messages quickly over long distances

Theory of Evolution

the best scientific explanation for both the unity and diversity of life; proposed by Charles Darwin

Aborigines

Native people of Australia

Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

steam engine

an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power.

social classes

a division of a society based on social and economic status.

Economic Policies

actions taken by government to influence economic actions

Child Labor

using children to work in factories and businesses

Communism

a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

Pacific Rim

Countries that border the Pacific Ocean

Sepoys

Indian soldiers in the British army

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War