Brain, Neurotransmitters, Psychologists. AP psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

Founded the first psychology lab; structuralism

William James

Functionalism; wrote Principles of Psychology

John B. Watson

Founder of behaviorism; Little Albert experiment

B.F. Skinner

Operant conditioning (reinforcement & punishment)

Ivan Pavlov

Classical conditioning with dogs

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis; unconscious mind & defense mechanisms

Carl Rogers

Humanistic psychology; unconditional positive regard

Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of needs; self-actualization

Jean Piaget

Stages of cognitive development in children

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial development across lifespan

Albert Bandura

Observational learning; Bobo doll experiment

Mary Ainsworth

Attachment styles; Strange Situation experiment

Harry Harlow

Monkey studies; importance of contact comfort

Lawrence Kohlberg

Stages of moral development

Elizabeth Loftus

False memories; misinformation effect

Philip Zimbardo

Stanford Prison Experiment; role-playing

Solomon Asch

Conformity experiment with lines

Stanley Milgram

Obedience to authority; shock experiment

Frontal lobe

Thinking

Parietal lobe

Processes touch

Occipital lobe

Processes visual information

Temporal lobe

Hearing and language processing

Cerebellum

Coordination and balance

Amygdala

Emotion (especially fear and aggression)

Hippocampus

Memory formation and storage

Hypothalamus

Regulates hunger

Thalamus

Relay center for sensory information

Medulla

Controls heartbeat and breathing

Reticular formation

Controls alertness and arousal

Corpus callosum

Connects the left and right brain hemispheres

Broca’s area

Speech production (left frontal lobe)

Wernicke’s area

Language comprehension (left temporal lobe)

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Enables muscle action and memory; low levels linked to Alzheimer's

Dopamine

Influences movement and pleasure; too much = schizophrenia

Serotonin

Affects mood

Norepinephrine

Arousal and alertness; low levels linked to depression

GABA

Inhibitory neurotransmitter; low levels linked to anxiety and seizures

Glutamate

Major excitatory neurotransmitter; too much = migraines or seizures

Endorphins

Pain control and pleasure; involved in addiction