A.P. U.S. History Notes: Jeffersonian Democracy, War of 1812, and Rise of Mass Democracy

Practice flashcards for A.P. U.S. History covering Jeffersonian Democracy, the War of 1812, and the rise of mass democracy.

What was the outcome of the Jeffersonian Revolution of 1800?

Jefferson won the presidency over Adams with 73 electoral votes to 65, marking a peaceful transfer of power.

Who won the presidential election of 1800?

Thomas Jefferson.

What happened during the election tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr?

The vote was sent to the House of Representatives.

What significant changes did Jefferson implement during his presidency?

He pardoned those accused under the Sedition Act and reduced the years needed for citizenship from 14 to five.

Which tax did Jefferson remove during his presidency?

The excise tax.

What did Jefferson believe about the Federalist party after his election?

That they needed to evolve and appeal to common people.

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?

An act passed by Federalists creating new judgeships to prolong their influence.

What was Chief Justice John Marshall's stance on the power of the federal government?

He committed to strengthening the power of the federal government.

What was the outcome of Marbury vs. Madison (1803)?

Established the principle of judicial review.

What did Jefferson do in response to the Sedition Act?

He pardoned individuals who had been convicted under the Act.

Who led the exploration of the Louisiana Territory?

William Clark and Meriwether Lewis.

What was a major concern for Jefferson regarding the Louisiana Purchase?

It was unclear whether the Constitution allowed for the purchase of new land.

What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?

It doubled the size of the United States and set a precedent for acquiring foreign territory.

Who were the 'War Hawks' during the War of 1812?

Politicians who advocated for war against Britain.

What was the result of the War of 1812?

A draw; the Treaty of Ghent acknowledged no territorial changes.

What caused the economic Panic of 1819?

Over-speculation in land and economic depression.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

An agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain the balance.

Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition?

John C. Calhoun, denouncing the Tariff of Abominations.

What did the Term 'Old Hickory' refer to?

It was a nickname for Andrew Jackson, reflecting his tough character.

What major impact did the 2nd Great Awakening have on society?

It led to various reform movements, including abolition and women's rights.

What was the significance of the Tariff of 1828?

It heightened tensions between the North and the South, called the 'Tariff of Abominations' by southerners.

What issue did the 'Bloodless Revolution of 1828' refer to?

Jackson's democratic victory signifying a shift in political power to the common man.

What was the impact of the industrial revolution on American society?

It transformed the economy from scattered farming to national industry and commerce.

How did the growth of canals and railroads affect the U.S. economy?

They enhanced transportation, allowing for more efficient movement of goods.

What did the temperance movement seek to achieve?

Reducing alcohol consumption and promoting abstinence.

Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

A prominent preacher during the Second Great Awakening who denounced slavery and alcohol.

What was the significance of the Oneida Community?

A utopian community practicing free love and communal living.

What was the outcome of the Texas War of Independence?

Texas gained independence from Mexico after the defeat of Santa Anna's army.

What did the Abolitionist movement seek to accomplish?

The end of slavery and the emancipation of enslaved people.

What was the significance of the Fugitive Slave Law?

It allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves, intensifying sectional conflict.

What role did women play during the reform movements of the 19th century?

They were instrumental in various movements, advocating for social change.

What was the central issue of the election of 1824?

The 'Corrupt Bargain' where Adams was elected despite Jackson winning the popular vote.

What did the term 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the U.S. throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

What were the 'Know-Nothings'?

A political party formed in response to increased immigration, advocating for nativist policies.

What was the significance of the give and take during the War of 1812?

It fostered a sense of nationalism and respect for American sovereignty.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Ghent?

It ended the War of 1812 and restored pre-war boundaries.

What was significant about Andrew Jackson's presidency?

He expanded the power of the presidency and supported populism and democracy.

What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 entail?

Forcibly relocating Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What social class dominated the Southern economy prior to the Civil War?

Wealthy plantation owners.

What ideological conflict was heightened by the abolition movement?

The moral opposition to slavery versus the economic dependence on it.

How did Native Americans resist westward expansion?

By forming confederacies and engaging in armed conflicts.

What was the fundamental doctrine of the Monroe Doctrine?

Non-colonization and non-intervention by European powers in the Americas.

How did the cotton gin impact slavery?

It made cotton production profitable, increasing the demand for slaves.

What significant event does the term 'Trail of Tears' refer to?

The forced removal of the Cherokee Nation from their homeland.

What was the main consequence of the War of 1812 on U.S. manufacturing?

It stimulated the growth of American manufacturing due to British blockades.

What innovation is Eli Whitney known for?

The cotton gin.

What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on American society?

It led to increased participation in social reform movements.

What document declared 'all men and women are created equal'?

The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention.

Who led the Mormons to Utah?

Brigham Young.

What was a key characteristic of Jacksonian Democracy?

Emphasis on the common man and expansion of suffrage.

What were the 'specialization' trends in American agriculture?

Farmers focused on cash crops, leading to increased dependency on single crops.

How did railroads change American life?

They facilitated faster transport of goods and people across the country.

What was one goal of the temperance movement?

To reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.

What was a central theme in Transcendentalist literature?

The belief in inherent goodness and self-reliance.

What impact did free public education movements have during the early 19th century?

They laid the foundation for a more educated populace.

What were the legislative outcomes of the nullification crisis?

The Tariff of 1832 was passed, reducing the taxes of the Tariff of Abominations.

How did Andrew Jackson respond to the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?

He ignored the ruling and enforced the Indian Removal Act.

What societal change occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A shift from agrarian economies to industrial economies.

Who is often associated with the phrase 'Cotton is King'?

Southern planters of the antebellum period.

What labor system developed in response to industrial labor shortages?

Factory systems which relied on wage labor.

What societal imbalance did the market revolution exacerbate?

The gap between rich and poor.

What was a major fear of southern politicians during the abolitionist movement?

The potential loss of political power and economic control due to emancipation.

What significant legislative act was established to favor American manufacturing in 1816?

The Tariff of 1816.

What was the economic condition of the South leading up to the Civil War?

An over-reliance on cotton and a lack of economic diversification.

How did immigrants influence American society during the 19th century?

They contributed to population growth and cultural diversity but faced discrimination.

What was the prevalent ideology characterizing the democratic parties during Jackson's presidency?

Support for the common man's rights against aristocratic policies.

What policy did Andrew Jackson support regarding Native American removal?

Forcible relocation west of the Mississippi River.

How did the rise of market-oriented agriculture impact U.S. farmers?

They became dependent on external markets for economic stability.

What did the phrase 'The Union must be preserved' signify?

A commitment to maintaining the integrity of the United States during sectional conflicts.

What event signified a turning point in American politics towards mass democracy?

The election of 1828 and Jackson's victory.

What were the underlying causes for the antebellum social reform movements?

A combination of religious fervor, economic changes, and humanitarian concerns.

How did women contribute to social reforms in the early 1800s?

By advocating for rights, education, temperance, and abolition.

What economic relationship existed between the North and South before the Civil War?

The North provided manufactured goods while the South relied on agricultural exports, particularly cotton.

What was the outcome of the Hartford Convention?

It led to the decline of the Federalist party due to perceptions of disloyalty.

What transformative impact did the War of 1812 have on national identity?

It fostered a sense of nationalism and pride in American sovereignty.